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in Identity Theft
tomsguide.com
· 2025-12-08
Scammers are impersonating bank employees via spoofed caller IDs, tricking victims into cutting up their debit cards while keeping the chip intact, then sending accomplices to collect the chip and coerce the PIN from victims' homes. Once obtained, the scammers use the chip and PIN to withdraw funds directly from victims' accounts in person, bypassing bank fraud detection systems. The FBI warns that to protect yourself, scrutinize the call quality and professionalism of the caller, ask verification questions, and never comply with requests to damage your debit card—legitimate banks never ask customers to do this.
nbcmiami.com
· 2025-12-08
Criminals are increasingly using Google Voice scams to gain access to victims' accounts by tricking them into sharing multi-factor authentication codes, then making calls and texts that appear to come from the victim's number while remaining anonymous. According to the Identity Theft Resource Center, 60% of over 13,000 crimes reported in 2023 involved Google Voice, affecting victims of all ages. The key prevention strategy is to never share multi-factor authentication codes with anyone, and victims can disconnect their number from a compromised account through Google Voice's account recovery tools.
bankingjournal.aba.com
· 2025-12-08
Fraud cases are surging across financial institutions, with Kennebec Savings Bank in Maine tripling its fraud cases between 2021 and 2023 and preventing over $430,000 in losses in 2023 alone. Scammers increasingly use sophisticated social engineering tactics—including impersonation, phone number spoofing, and AI-generated content—to manipulate victims into voluntarily transferring funds, making it difficult for banks to prevent losses even with strong security measures. The FTC reported a 14% increase in fraud losses in 2023, with imposter scams accounting for nearly $2.7 billion of the over $10 billion in total annual frau
highlandcountypress.com
· 2025-12-08
The Senior Medicare Patrol (SMP) program empowers Medicare beneficiaries to prevent and report healthcare fraud, particularly medical identity theft where fraudsters use personal information to bill for unauthorized services. In 2023, the nationwide SMP program reached 1.2 million people through outreach events, assisted over 270,000 beneficiaries with fraud-related issues, and helped Medicare recoup more than $111 million in fraudulent billings while identifying 26 emerging fraud schemes.
timesgazette.com
· 2025-12-08
The Senior Medicare Patrol (SMP) is a national program that educates Medicare beneficiaries and their families about detecting and reporting healthcare fraud, errors, and abuse, with particular focus on medical identity theft—when fraudsters use personal information like Medicare numbers to bill for unauthorized services. In 2023, the SMP program reached 1.2 million people through outreach events, assisted over 270,000 beneficiaries with fraud complaints, identified 26 emerging fraud schemes, and helped Medicare recover more than $111 million in fraudulent billings. The Ohio SMP, operated by Pro Seniors Inc., encourages beneficiaries to report suspicious activity and offers resources to protect Medicare information.
vaildaily.com
· 2025-12-08
Elder fraud scams cause over $3.4 billion in annual losses, with the average senior victim losing $33,915, according to the FBI's 2023 report. Common scams include the "grandparent scam" (where fraudsters pose as grandchildren needing bail money) and IRS impersonation schemes that exploit seniors' trusting nature and politeness. To protect loved ones, maintain open communication, verify emergency requests with other family members, never share personal information over the phone, and report suspected fraud to relevant companies and authorities.
states.aarp.org
· 2025-12-08
The Federal Trade Commission reported over $10 billion in losses to fraud and identity theft last year, prompting AARP to advocate for new consumer protections in Minnesota. New legislation now regulates cryptocurrency ATMs with daily transaction limits of $2,000 for new customers and requires operators to post fraud warnings, along with 14-day refund protections for fraud victims. Additional protections were enacted to combat predatory real estate schemes targeting vulnerable homeowners, making long-term exclusive sales contracts unenforceable and allowing victims to pursue court damages or restitution through the Attorney General's office.
forbes.com
· 2025-12-08
Impersonation scams, where fraudsters mimic trusted entities through phishing and fake websites, caused over $1.1 billion in U.S. consumer losses in 2023, with new malicious sites created every 11 seconds. AI technology has made these scams more sophisticated and harder to detect quickly, though governments, regulators, and companies are responding with stronger enforcement actions, expanded rules like the FTC's updated Impersonation Rule, and consumer education campaigns emphasizing multi-factor authentication and fraud awareness.
helpnetsecurity.com
· 2025-12-08
Bolster research identified 24 nation-state threat actor groups (75% from China, Russia, or Iran) conducting AI-fueled phishing campaigns targeting U.S. citizens ahead of the 2024 presidential election, with phishing site hosting nearly doubling compared to 2023 and averaging over 45,000 malicious sites daily in May. Threat actors are exploiting stolen voter data (including databases with over 100,000 records dating back to 2015) sold on the dark web to create counterfeit identification cards for potential identity theft and voter fraud, while also breaching U.S. military and government email accounts to impersonate legitimate officials and extract sensitive
thehackernews.com
· 2025-12-08
A Singapore-based commodity firm lost $42.3 million in a business email compromise (BEC) scam in July 2024 when fraudsters impersonated a supplier and redirected a payment to a fake bank account in Timor-Leste; using INTERPOL's Global Rapid Intervention of Payments (I-GRIP) mechanism, authorities recovered $39 million and froze the fraudulent account within one day, with seven suspects arrested and an additional $2 million recovered. The article also covers law enforcement's seizure of the Cryptonator cryptocurrency exchange, which facilitated over 4 million transactions worth $1.4 billion and allegedly enabled money laun
wpsdlocal6.com
· 2025-12-08
Smishing—text message scams that trick recipients into clicking malicious links or calling scammer numbers—has become increasingly common as cybercriminals shift from robocalls and emails to take advantage of higher text message open rates. Common tactics include fake package delivery notifications, impersonation of trusted brands like Amazon and FedEx, and social engineering to steal login credentials, financial information, or gain remote device access, potentially leading to identity theft and financial loss. Consumers can protect themselves by ignoring unsolicited texts, enabling two-factor authentication, verifying company contact information independently, and reporting suspicious messages to the FTC by forwarding to 7726 (SPAM).
mymcmedia.org
· 2025-12-08
A 23-year-old man was arrested at Chicago O'Hare International Airport in July and extradited to Maryland for his role in a gold bar scam targeting an elderly Montgomery County resident in March. The scheme involved perpetrators falsely claiming the victim was involved in identity theft and a federal drug investigation, then instructing them to convert assets into gold bars worth $779,000, which were to be picked up by couriers posing as FBI agents. Patel has been charged with felony theft of more than $100,000 and a misdemeanor, with a trial scheduled for September 23; a second suspect was also arrested.
markets.financialcontent.com
· 2025-12-08
Americans lost $10 billion to scams in 2023, an increase of $1 billion from 2022, with elderly people frequently targeted due to their presumed savings. Financial professionals recommend three protective strategies: slow down and verify requests before acting, be selective about who accesses sensitive financial information and documents, and seek assistance from certified financial planners who can monitor accounts and help recover from fraud.
statista.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2024, U.S. individuals aged 60 and older filed numerous complaints about phishing and personal data breaches, with cryptocurrency crimes showing a significant increase compared to 2023. The data reflects a growing cybercrime threat targeting seniors, tracked by the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3).
newjersey.news12.com
· 2025-12-08
Payment app fraud losses have spiked nearly 150% in recent years, with scammers using fake emailed receipts to trick users into calling fraudulent customer service numbers and surrendering financial information and login credentials. The fraud typically involves phishing emails with generic card numbers or suspicious sender addresses, which users can verify by contacting their bank directly. Democratic lawmakers have introduced legislation to protect consumers victimized by these scams on platforms like PayPal, Venmo, and Zelle.
waff.com
· 2025-12-08
The Senior Fraud and Scam Summit in Huntsville, Alabama brought together experts from the Better Business Bureau and local police to educate seniors on protecting themselves from fraud and identity theft, following a 14 percent nationwide increase in elder fraud reports during 2023. Speakers emphasized that victims should immediately report scams to police and local authorities rather than remaining silent, as doing so helps prevent fraudsters from targeting additional seniors. The summit provided resources and practical tips designed to help older adults safeguard their finances and identities.
itweb.co.za
· 2025-12-08
Authorised payment fraud, including romance and investment scams, is increasing globally through sophisticated scam centres that generate billions in revenue annually, according to LexisNexis Risk Solutions' 2023 Cybercrime Report. Romance scams targeting lonely individuals generated £92.8 million in losses in London alone between 2022-2023, with fraudsters using money mule networks to quickly move stolen funds across multiple accounts before detection. These well-organized scam centres, often located in border regions of Southeast Asia and concealed as legitimate businesses, exploit instant payment systems and emerging technologies like generative AI to conduct fraud at scale.
azpbs.org
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, over 101,000 reports of elder financial abuse were filed with the FBI, with victims experiencing annual losses exceeding $36 billion. Americans over 60 are particularly vulnerable to various scams including investment fraud, tech scams, romance scams, and nonpayment schemes, with financial abuse often going undetected when perpetrated by family members or caregivers who exploit declining cognitive abilities and technological unfamiliarity. Caregivers should report suspicious financial activities to Adult Protective Services, as technology-enabled scams targeting vulnerable elders continue to increase.
theindependent.sg
· 2025-12-08
A Singapore-based commodity firm lost $42.3 million in a July 2024 Business Email Compromise (BEC) scam when fraudsters sent a spoofed email redirecting payment to a fake account in Timor-Leste. INTERPOL's Global Rapid Intervention of Payments (I-GRIP) mechanism recovered $39 million within one day and led to the recovery of an additional $2 million following the arrest of seven suspects, marking the largest-ever BEC fund recovery. The article also highlights related cybercrime enforcement actions, including the indictment of Cryptonator's founder for processing $1.4 billion in criminal proceeds through cryptocurrency
journalrecord.com
· 2025-12-08
Fake tax scams impersonating IRS and other government agencies increasingly target older adults by using caller ID manipulation and creating false urgency to pressure victims into providing personal information or making payments via gift cards or wire transfers. Legitimate tax authorities initiate contact by mail, not phone or email, and victims can verify claims by calling the IRS directly at (800) 829-1040 or reporting scams to the Treasury Inspector General at (800) 366-4484. Those who have fallen victim to elder fraud can contact the National Elder Fraud Hotline at (833) 372-8311.
wvnews.com
· 2025-12-08
The Senior Medicare Patrol (SMP) program educates Medicare beneficiaries on preventing health care fraud, with particular focus on medical identity theft schemes involving unauthorized use of names and Medicare numbers to bill for services or supplies. In 2023, the SMP program reached 1.2 million people through outreach events, assisted over 270,000 beneficiaries with fraud complaints, identified 26 emerging fraud schemes, and helped Medicare recoup over $111 million in fraudulent billings.
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
· 2025-12-08
Facebook Marketplace hosts common scams including seller fraud (fake or non-existent listings), buyer fraud (posers with no intent to pay), verification code phishing, and payment/identity theft schemes. Users can protect themselves by verifying identities, meeting in person before payment, using secure payment methods like PayPal, never sharing verification codes or personal information, and reporting suspicious activity. The article emphasizes avoiding unusually low prices, unconventional payment methods, and requests to complete transactions outside Facebook's integrated tools.
knoxnews.com
· 2025-12-08
Phishing scams are becoming increasingly sophisticated, with recent examples including attacks exploiting Microsoft365's "First Contact Safety Tip" feature through CSS manipulation and fake Amazon verification links embedded in Google Drawings graphics that steal personal information. These scams trick users into revealing passwords, credit card numbers, and other sensitive data by impersonating legitimate companies. Victims should verify breach alerts, contact financial institutions to freeze accounts, place fraud alerts with credit bureaus, monitor statements, and change all passwords immediately.
forbes.com
· 2025-12-08
**Article Title:** Scott Hermann on AI-Powered Scams
This educational piece identifies the top AI-enabled scams targeting consumers, including deepfakes (AI-generated videos and images impersonating real people) and AI-generated voice phishing (realistic synthetic voices used in fraudulent calls). The article provides protective measures such as verifying unsolicited video calls through trusted channels, approaching shocking online content with skepticism, and being cautious of urgent messages demanding money or personal information.
thesnaponline.com
· 2025-12-08
This Better Business Bureau alert identifies seven scams targeting college students during the back-to-school season, including phishing emails impersonating school financial departments, fake credit card offers, fraudulent rental listings, identity theft, scholarship scams, online shopping scams, and test preparation blackmail schemes. The BBB recommends students verify offers through official sources, check credit reports regularly, view apartments in person before paying, and research companies on BBB.org before providing personal information or funds. College students should remain vigilant about sharing personal data online and monitor BBB's ScamTracker for reports of current fraud schemes.
postbulletin.com
· 2025-12-08
An educational workshop titled "Mapping Your Future as a Senior Citizen" was held at the Mower County Senior Center in Austin, covering financial, estate, and funeral planning, along with a session on "Scams, Frauds and Identity Theft" where local authorities including the Austin Police Chief and County Attorney discussed how seniors are targeted for consumer fraud and taught attendees protection strategies. The event was open to residents age 50 and older for a $5 fee that included lunch.
aol.com
· 2025-12-08
This educational article identifies 11 common Instagram scams in 2024, with a focus on fake brand accounts and fake follower schemes. The FTC reported that $2.7 billion was lost to social media scams between 2021 and mid-2023, with online shopping scams comprising 44% of fraud reports; scammers use imposter accounts for luxury brands like Gucci and Nike to sell counterfeit goods or steal funds. The article advises users to verify accounts are officially verified, check URLs carefully, and avoid purchasing from sellers offering unrealistic discounts or unusual payment methods, while also warning against buying fake followers or likes as it violates Instagram's terms and harms
nj1015.com
· 2025-12-08
A study by PrivacyJournal.net ranking U.S. states on online dating safety found New Jersey to rank 12th safest, based on metrics including romance scams, violent crime, identity theft, fraud, STDs, and registered sex offenders. While New Jersey users may encounter dishonesty, the state has the lowest rate of registered sex offenders nationally and ranks 8th for lowest STD rates, making it safer than most states for online dating.
wild941.com
· 2025-12-08
Florida ranks as the 47th safest state for online dating, according to a PrivacyJournal.net study analyzing romance scams, fraud, identity theft, and violent crime per 100,000 residents. The state ranks second-worst nationally for both identity theft and fraud, and seventh-worst for romance scams, though it performs better on violent crime and sex offender statistics. The study identifies Nevada as the most dangerous state and Vermont as the safest, recommending that online daters take common sense precautions regardless of location.
businessinsider.com
· 2025-12-08
Election officials across multiple states warned about voter registration scams ahead of the 2024 presidential election, where scammers posed as get-out-the-vote groups via text messages and other communications to trick victims into clicking malicious links or providing personal information like Social Security numbers. Voter registration fraud is one of the three most common election-cycle scams, and officials recommend verifying communications directly with local election officials and reporting suspicious contacts to the FTC. No specific dollar amounts or victim counts were reported in the warnings.
country1037fm.com
· 2025-12-08
South Carolina ranks as the 45th safest state for online dating, with elevated risks including 396 registered sex offenders per 100,000 residents, 1,062 STD reports per 100,000 residents, and 334 fraud cases per 100,000 residents. A study by PrivacyJournal.net identified romance scams, fraud, identity theft, and violent crime as primary dangers in online dating nationwide, with Nevada ranking as the most dangerous state overall.
kiplinger.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, over 101,000 people age 60 and older lost nearly $3.4 billion to financial exploitation, according to the FBI's Elder Fraud Report, with common scams including tech support fraud ($590 million in losses), investment fraud ($4.57 billion, up 38% year-over-year), power of attorney abuse, Medicare/Medicaid fraud, and homeowner scams. AI-driven fraud is making scams increasingly sophisticated, with criminals creating convincing fake audio and video to deceive victims. Protection requires vigilance about warning signs such as unusual account activity and suspicious communications, along with education and open family dialogue about financial security.
x1075lasvegas.com
· 2025-12-08
A study by PrivacyJournal.net ranked Nevada as the most dangerous state for online dating based on reported romance scams, fraud, identity theft, and violent crime per 100,000 residents. Nevada ranked second nationally for romance scam reports and third for fraud reports, making it a higher-risk state for online daters seeking to avoid financial and personal victimization. The analysis identified Vermont as the safest state for online dating, while other risky states included Alaska, Georgia, Florida, Arizona, and South Carolina.
wsaw.com
· 2025-12-08
The Better Business Bureau cautions college students to watch out for seven common scams targeting them during the school year: phishing emails impersonating the school's financial department, fake credit card offers, fraudulent rental listings, identity theft, scholarship grant scams, online shopping scams, and test preparation blackmail schemes. The BBB recommends students verify offers through official channels, check credit reports regularly at annualcreditreport.com, view apartments in person before paying, and research companies on BBB.org before engaging with them. Students are encouraged to report suspected scams to BBB's ScamTracker and contact their local BBB office with concerns.
vermontjournal.com
· 2025-12-08
This educational piece debunks three common myths about fraud victimization: that intelligence protects against scams, that only wealthy people are targets, and that only elderly people are victimized. The article emphasizes that scammers target people across all ages, education levels, and demographics, noting that the FTC reports higher victimization rates among 25-45 year-olds than seniors, though seniors typically suffer larger dollar losses. The piece advocates for fraud defense through behavior change and awareness rather than relying on intelligence alone, and alerts readers to an active scam targeting Justices of the Peace involving fake wedding payments.
963kklz.com
· 2025-12-08
A study by PrivacyJournal.net ranked Nevada as the most dangerous state for online dating, based on reported incidents of romance scams, fraud, identity theft, and violent crime per 100,000 residents. Nevada ranked second nationally for romance scam reports and third for fraud reports, with Las Vegas contributing significantly to these numbers. The article advises online daters to take common sense precautions, noting that Vermont and Maine are the safest states for online dating.
aol.com
· 2025-12-08
Sabrina Aboshanab, a 33-year-old caregiver from Wappingers Falls, was sentenced to 5-15 years in prison for stealing $164,332.26 from an 81-year-old man in her care between December 2017 and April 2023. Aboshanab, who lived in the victim's home as his caregiver, used his personal information to transfer funds via online and app-based services even after his arrest in 2022, and must pay full restitution. A co-defendant, Mark Schmidt, pleaded guilty to first-degree identity theft and received a 1-3 year
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
A Jefferson County contractor, Austin James, was sentenced to five years probation, 90 days house arrest, and 80 hours community service for financially exploiting an 80-year-old St. Louis woman in a home renovation scheme. James received eight checks totaling $94,606 between January and July 2021 for work he did not perform, while his accomplice Gino Rives bilked the victim of over $550,000 by falsely claiming to be a licensed contractor; James was ordered to repay $94,606 to the victim's estate.
aarp.org
· 2025-12-08
The Google Voice scam involves fraudsters posing as buyers on Facebook Marketplace who request verification codes from sellers, claiming to confirm identity and prevent fraud. Once the seller provides the six-digit verification code, scammers use it to create a Google Voice account linked to the seller's number, generating a disguised phone number to conduct additional scams while leaving a trail leading to the innocent victim. The FTC first warned of this scam in 2021, and it remains the most commonly reported fraud to the Identity Theft Resource Center, accounting for 60 percent of scams reported in 2023.
irs.gov
· 2025-12-08
Ari Tietolman of Montreal, Canada, was sentenced to 10 years in prison for operating a massive telemarketing fraud scheme from 2005 to 2014 that targeted tens of thousands of American senior citizens, defrauding them of millions of dollars through worthless or non-existent products like fraud protection services, prescription drug discount cards, and legal services. Tietolman and his co-schemers made unauthorized debits from victims' bank accounts after making false claims about affiliations with banks, insurance companies, and the U.S. government, while he was ordered to pay $7,042,898.22 in restitution; two co-defendants also
theorcasonian.com
· 2025-12-08
This educational piece highlights that seniors on Orcas Island face elevated risks from scams, identity theft, and elder abuse, with organizations like Orcas Senior Center and San Juan County Senior Services working to address these vulnerabilities. The article emphasizes that isolation and lack of mental health services contribute to senior vulnerability, noting one example of a community member losing $11,000 to a scam. The piece promotes local support programs including Hearts and Hands (in-home visits) and Buddy Check-In (phone outreach) to combat isolation and provide companionship for vulnerable elders.
news.trendmicro.com
· 2025-12-08
Deepfake technology powered by AI is fueling a rising tide of scams in 2024, with deepfake content increasing 900% between 2019 and 2020. Cybercriminals use deepfakes to impersonate celebrities, recruiters, and romantic partners through fake video calls, job interviews, and investment schemes to steal money and personal information from victims. Key scams include romance fraud (where scammers conduct convincing video calls using face-swapping), recruiting scams (impersonating employers on LinkedIn to extract payment and data), and investment scams (using fake celebrity endorsements to promote cryptocurrency schemes).
kttn.com
· 2025-12-08
Austin James, a 27-year-old contractor from Missouri, was sentenced to five years of probation, 90 days of house arrest, and ordered to repay $94,606 after pleading guilty to identity theft in connection with the financial exploitation of an 80-year-old St. Louis woman. James received eight checks totaling $94,606 between January and July 2021 for home renovation work he did not complete, as part of a larger scheme led by unlicensed contractor Gino Rives that defrauded the victim of over $550,000 in total. Bank employees' concerns about the high volume of checks prompted an investigation that revealed the
abc7chicago.com
· 2025-12-08
A Chicago-area woman had her identity stolen after responding to a fake job posting that included a legitimate-seeming face-to-face Zoom interview and written job offer; the scammers later sent her a counterfeit check for $8,950 and requested she purchase office equipment and return funds. The Better Business Bureau reports job scams have increased significantly since the pandemic, with the 18-34 age group most at risk, and warns that the biggest red flag is when companies send checks to purchase supplies—if cashed and spent, victims are responsible to their banks.
wsoctv.com
· 2025-12-08
This article identifies five types of political call and text scams targeting voters: fake polls, donation scams, impersonation scams, questionable petitions, and voter registration scams. Experts advise consumers not to feel pressured to provide personal information, to verify requests by contacting organizations directly, and to delete suspicious messages rather than engage with them.
ibsintelligence.com
· 2025-12-08
Americans are increasingly concerned about rising financial fraud, with the FTC reporting $10 billion lost to scams in 2023 (up from $3.5 billion in 2020), and 74% of survey respondents worried that AI advancements will increase fraud rates. Nearly half of Americans surveyed (45%) reported being victims of financial fraud, with credit card theft (53%), electronic payment fraud (19%), and check fraud (17%) as top scams, and 24% losing $5,000 or more. Financial institutions face mounting pressure as fraud victims often switch banks or reduce services, with recovery rates for stolen funds remaining below 10% in most cases.
aarp.org
· 2025-12-08
Scammers are sending fraudulent text messages to drivers claiming they have unpaid tolls, creating a sense of urgency by threatening additional fees if balances aren't paid immediately through fake toll payment websites. The Identity Theft Resource Center reports this scam is proliferating across the country, exploiting drivers' anxiety about legitimately owing toll fees by using real toll system names like "Good-to-Go" in Washington State and "Easy Pass" on the East Coast. The scheme preys on consumers' fear of accumulating fines and encourages them to click malicious links or provide personal information to cybercriminals.
irs.gov
· 2025-12-08
The IRS, state tax agencies, and over 60 private sector organizations launched the Coalition Against Scam and Scheme Threats (CASST) in August 2024 to combat growing tax-related scams that exploit vulnerable taxpayers. The three-pronged initiative will expand public education about emerging scams, develop methods to identify fraudulent returns during filing, and improve infrastructure protections across federal, state, and industry tax systems. Modeled on the successful 2015 Security Summit that addressed tax-related identity theft, CASST aims to strengthen information sharing and coordinated responses to threats across the entire tax ecosystem.
kbsi23.com
· 2025-12-08
Back-to-school scams targeting college-aged students (18-24) are on the rise, according to the Better Business Bureau, with scammers exploiting younger students' lack of experience with identity theft and fraud. The BBB recommends that students protect themselves by using private mailboxes, securing important documents and IDs in lockboxes, and reporting lost identification to campus police immediately. A growing threat includes sports streaming link scams where fraudsters request payment for school sports videos, then charge victims for unauthorized monthly subscriptions after minimal initial charges.
mirror.co.uk
· 2025-12-08
This educational article by consumer rights expert Martyn James outlines the growing landscape of fraud in 2024, explaining why scammers are increasingly successful through digital innovation, mass messaging, and sophisticated social engineering tactics. The article cites that 252,626 people lost nearly £341 million to "push payment" fraud in the UK, with some victims losing life savings exceeding £100,000, though £1.2 billion in fraud was prevented last year. James provides practical advice for fraud victims, including immediately contacting their bank via the official number or the 159 stop scams line, and emphasizes the importance of identifying the type of fraud to determine the appropriate response.