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in Financial Crime
vinetur.com
· 2025-12-08
Casey Alexander, a 27-year-old British national, was sentenced to three years of probation and ordered to pay $202,195.58 in restitution for his role in a wine and whiskey investment fraud scheme that targeted elderly Americans through cold-calling tactics. The scheme defrauded more than 150 victims across the country of over $13 million by promising substantial returns on fine wine and whiskey investments stored in European warehouses. The case was investigated following a report in 2020 when a victim's son discovered his father had lost over $300,000 over an 18-month period.
dailyrecord.co.uk
· 2025-12-08
Christopher Harkins, a 37-year-old from Scotland, was sentenced to 12 years in prison for romance scams that defrauded nine women of over £214,000 between 2013 and 2019. He targeted single women on dating websites, posing as a successful businessman and fabricating stories about frozen bank accounts and unbooked holidays to extract money from them. Harkins was also convicted of rape, non-consensual filming, and other sexual offences against 10 victims across multiple Scottish areas.
trendmicro.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, cryptocurrency-related crimes evolved significantly, with ransomware attacks reaching a record $1 billion in extorted payments despite impacting fewer victims, while money laundering via crypto decreased 29.5% to $22.2 billion and stolen cryptocurrency funds fell 54.3% to $1.7 billion compared to 2022. The shifts reflect criminals adapting methods—increasingly using DeFi protocols and gambling services for laundering—even as crypto platforms and law enforcement improved security and recovery capabilities.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Sean Eberhart, a 58-year-old Indiana state representative, was sentenced to one year and one day in federal prison for conspiracy to commit honest services fraud after pleading guilty to using his legislative position from January to May 2019 to advocate for gaming legislation that benefited Spectacle Entertainment in exchange for a promised $350,000 annual salary and equity stake. Eberhart's actions reduced a $100 million transfer fee to $20,000 and secured favorable tax provisions worth tens of millions for the company, betraying his constituents' trust in his public office. He was also ordered to pay $25,000 in fines and $60,000 in restitution.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Fiona Lorraine Walters, 50, of New York pleaded guilty to money laundering for her role in a lottery scam conspiracy that defrauded elderly victims of over $300,000 between 2016 and 2020. Walters and co-conspirators convinced victims they had won lotteries or sweepstakes and laundered the fraudulently obtained money through bank accounts, never paying any winnings. She faces up to 20 years in prison at sentencing scheduled for September 23, 2024.
midmichigannow.com
· 2025-12-08
Irfan Gill, a 62-year-old from Portage, Michigan, was convicted of seven counts of mail fraud and 11 counts of money laundering for operating an international telemarketing scheme with a Pakistan call center from June 2018 through March 2022. The scheme victimized over 1,400 people nationwide by using fake business names to solicit payments for nonexistent cable, satellite, and internet service upgrades, with Gill depositing victim payments into his accounts and routing portions to Pakistan-based solicitors. He faces up to 50 years in prison at sentencing, which is expected within three to four months.
wwmt.com
· 2025-12-08
Irfan Gill, a 62-year-old from Portage, Michigan, was convicted of seven counts of mail fraud and 11 counts of money laundering for operating an international telemarketing scheme in conjunction with a Pakistan call center from June 2018 to March 2022. The scheme defrauded over 1,400 elderly and other U.S. victims by cold-calling them with fake offers for cable, satellite, and internet service upgrades, then directing payments to Gill's post office boxes, which he deposited into bank accounts and partially transferred to Pakistan-based solicitors. Gill faces up to 50 years in prison at sentencing, scheduled within three
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Irfan Gill, 62, of Portage, Michigan, was convicted of seven counts of mail fraud and eleven counts of money laundering for operating an international telemarketing scheme from June 2018 through March 2022 that defrauded over 1,400 elderly victims nationwide. Working with a call center in Pakistan, Gill posed as multiple cable and satellite companies, collecting victim payments via post office boxes and money transfer services like Western Union and Remitly. He faces up to 30 years in prison on the mail fraud charges and up to 20 years for money laundering.
thomsonreuters.com
· 2025-12-08
Elder financial abuse has escalated dramatically, with fraud losses jumping from $2.4 billion in 2019 to over $10 billion in 2023, with those aged 60 and older experiencing disproportionately high victimization rates (101,000+ reported victims in 2023 versus 18,000 for those under 20). Scammers target elderly individuals because they typically have accumulated savings, are often less technologically sophisticated, may be lonely or seeking companionship online, and are reluctant to report fraud due to privacy concerns. Financial abuse extends beyond theft by close acquaintances to include complex fraud schemes involving dating apps, digital currency platforms,
the-star.co.ke
· 2025-12-08
In the first three months of 2024, 80 percent of Kenyans were targeted by digital fraud schemes, though 72 percent successfully avoided victimization while 8 percent fell victim, according to a TransUnion Consumer Pulse Survey. Vishing (fraudulent phone calls) emerged as the most prevalent scam at 45 percent, followed by money/gift card scams and smishing (fraudulent texts) at 44 percent each, with all three methods increasing compared to 2023. The survey emphasizes that 91 percent of Kenyans remain concerned about sharing personal information due to privacy invasion and identity theft fears, highlighting the need for stronger security protocols and digital awareness
kdhlradio.com
· 2025-12-08
A text and phone scam impersonating the Minnesota Department of Transportation is circulating in Grand Marais and Cook County in northern Minnesota, falsely claiming victims owe $35 in late fees for express lane usage and directing them to fraudulent payment links. The Minnesota Department of Transportation had previously warned about this scam in June, and officials note the messages appear convincing; scammers have also made multiple follow-up calls to victims even after being blocked. Residents are advised to avoid clicking links in unsolicited messages and to verify urgent notifications through official channels.
dailyrecord.co.uk
· 2025-12-08
A woman in her 70s from Stirling lost over £3,000 in a banking scam on July 8 when a caller impersonating her bank convinced her to transfer funds to verify account security following suspicious activity. Police warned residents that banks do not initiate contact through cold calls and advised people to hang up and contact their bank directly or police if they suspect fraud.
dailyrecord.co.uk
· 2025-12-08
Christopher Harkins, a 37-year-old from Helensburgh, was sentenced to 12 years in prison for defrauding nine women out of over £210,000 through romance scams conducted between 2013 and 2019 across Scotland, including in Stirling. Posing as a successful businessman on dating websites, he gained victims' trust and then claimed his bank account was frozen or requested money for holidays he never booked, leaving them with severe financial and emotional harm. He was also convicted of rape and filming women without consent, and has been added to the sex offenders register indefinitely.
rock929rocks.com
· 2025-12-08
A 42-year-old man, Weikai Zhang, was arrested in Florida after attempting to defraud a 74-year-old woman through a phone scam where he convinced her that her bank account was at risk and persuaded her to purchase over 13 pounds of gold (valued at approximately $500,000) for delivery to her home, which he then planned to steal. Law enforcement officers learned of the scheme before the package arrived and apprehended Zhang near the victim's residence, preventing the loss of her life savings.
elizabethton.com
· 2025-12-08
A 50-year-old man from Brooklyn seeking asylum in the U.S. was arrested and charged with fraud and financial exploitation of a Carter County woman in a tech support scam scheme. The victim was deceived by a fake virus notification that led her to withdraw $30,500 from her bank account and hand the cash to the suspect at her residence. The arrest was aided by photographs and identification information the victim provided to authorities, and investigators coordinated with the Department of Homeland Security after discovering the suspect's temporary visitor status and pending asylum application.
mlive.com
· 2025-12-08
Irfan Gill, 62, of Portage, Michigan, was convicted of seven counts of mail fraud and 11 counts of money laundering for operating an international telemarketing scam in partnership with a Pakistani call center from June 2018 to March 2022 that targeted over 1,400 elderly Americans. The scheme involved cold calls offering fake cable, satellite, and internet service upgrades; victims sent payments to Gill's post office boxes, which he deposited and partially transferred to the Pakistani solicitors via money transfer services. Gill faces up to 30 years in prison for the mail fraud charges and up to 20 years for money laundering, with
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
**Summary:**
Sebastian Chelemen, a 38-year-old Canadian national, was sentenced to 50 months in prison on July 11, 2024, for his role in a grandparent scam targeting elderly Americans between April and June 2023. Operating as a fake bail bondsman, Chelemen and co-conspirators in Canada called seniors posing as arrested grandchildren and collected over $380,000 directly, with co-conspirators obtaining an additional $78,000 through mailed funds, while attempting to fraudulently obtain at least $290,000 more. Chelemen was ordered to pay $460,350 in restitution and was found with over $
wandtv.com
· 2025-12-08
Sebastian Chelemen, a 38-year-old Canadian national, was sentenced to 50 months in prison for conspiracy to commit wire fraud targeting elderly Americans between April and June 2023. Operating as a fake bail bondsman, Chelemen and co-conspirators in Canada impersonated arrested relatives to convince victims to provide bond money; Chelemen personally collected over $380,000 from victims across multiple states while co-conspirators obtained an additional $78,000, with attempts to defraud victims of at least $290,000 more, resulting in a court-ordered restitution of $460,350.
yahoo.com
· 2025-12-08
Larry's Law, which took effect in Virginia on July 1, was named after Larry Cook, who lost over $3 million to an online phishing scam in 2020-2021 through more than 70 wire transfers to Thailand. The law, unanimously passed as House Bill 692 and signed by Governor Glenn Youngkin in April, requires financial institutions to train employees to recognize financial exploitation and allows banks to contact emergency contacts when suspicious activity is detected. This legislation addresses a critical gap in elder fraud prevention, as Virginia reported 2,475 elder fraud complaints totaling over $94 million in losses in 2023.
onmanorama.com
· 2025-12-08
Malayali expatriates in Bahrain lost substantial sums to a scam ring offering discounted air tickets; one victim from Thiruvananthapuram lost 1,300 dinars after receiving fake tickets with fraudulent PNR numbers. After multiple victims coordinated efforts and set a trap for the fraudsters, police arrested one perpetrator, though victims recovered only partial compensation. Authorities advise expatriates to verify background checks and use only licensed travel agents for bookings to avoid similar schemes.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Rachel Watts Sanders, a 39-year-old mail contractor from Louisiana, was indicted in July 2024 for stealing over forty checks from the mail, forging endorsements, and depositing them into her own bank account. She faces up to 30 years in prison for bank fraud and 5 years for mail theft, with potential fines totaling $1.25 million.
yahoo.com
· 2025-12-08
Sebastian Cheleman, a 38-year-old Canadian, was sentenced to over four years in federal prison for conspiracy to commit wire fraud as part of an international elder fraud scheme operating between April and June 2023. Cheleman and co-conspirators called elderly victims across the U.S. impersonating their relatives, claiming they had been arrested and demanding bail or legal fees; Cheleman directly received over $380,000 from victims and the scheme attempted to steal approximately $750,000 total, with successful thefts reaching around $460,000 for which he must pay restitution. The fraud targeted numerous victims nationwide, including $138,000 from Central Illinois residents who were in
nsjonline.com
· 2025-12-08
Overseas criminal networks are stealing tens of billions of dollars annually from Americans through sophisticated internet and telephone scams, with losses to those over 60 estimated between $28.3 billion and $137 billion per year. Law enforcement agencies are overwhelmed and under-resourced to investigate these crimes, particularly those originating overseas where stolen funds are quickly converted to cryptocurrency or transferred to foreign accounts, allowing perpetrators to escape prosecution. The problem is projected to worsen as the aging population increases and AI technology makes fraud easier to execute, while many victims remain unreported due to shame and police departments that fail to treat financial fraud with appropriate seriousness.
floridapolitics.com
· 2025-12-08
From 2013 to 2015, Evaldas Rimasauskas conducted a Business Email Compromise (BEC) scam by impersonating the vendor Quanta Computer Inc., sending fraudulent invoices to Google and Facebook that totaled over $100 million in payments. Rimasauskas was arrested in 2019 and sentenced to five years in prison, but his scheme has since inspired numerous copycat criminals targeting municipalities and businesses, with recent incidents in Florida resulting in losses exceeding $1 million in at least one case, though some institutions have successfully blocked fraudulent transactions.
nptelegraph.com
· 2025-12-08
Sophisticated overseas criminals steal tens of billions of dollars annually from Americans through internet and telephone scams, with the problem projected to worsen as the U.S. population ages and technology advances, yet most perpetrators evade capture and conviction. Victims—particularly older adults—rarely recover their money, losing life savings to romance scams, grandparent scams, technical support fraud, and other schemes, while law enforcement agencies lack sufficient resources to investigate and prosecute the overwhelming volume of cases. The challenge is compounded by difficulty tracking stolen funds converted to cryptocurrency or transferred to foreign bank accounts, leaving authorities struggling to keep pace with what experts describe as a "crisis level" crime wave.
dailyprogress.com
· 2025-12-08
Sophisticated overseas scammers are stealing tens of billions of dollars annually from Americans, with the crime wave projected to worsen as the U.S. population ages and technology advances, yet law enforcement agencies lack resources to catch perpetrators and most victims never recover their money. Common scams targeting Americans include romance schemes, grandparent fraud, technical support fraud, and other confidence schemes, with particular vulnerability among older adults who have lost life savings. The challenge is compounded by the ease of committing fraud without consequences, the difficulty of investigating international crimes and cryptocurrency transfers, and the overwhelming volume of cases that stretch thin police and prosecutorial resources.
turnto10.com
· 2025-12-08
Scammers obtain bank account and routing numbers through various methods including Facebook scams (such as fake stolen car reward posts), stealing physical checks from mailboxes, and accessing blue postal collection boxes. With these numbers, scammers can create fraudulent utility accounts, set up unauthorized services, and produce counterfeit checks to drain victims' bank accounts. To protect yourself, avoid sharing banking information online and use secure methods for mailing checks or deposit them directly at banks.
mypunepulse.com
· 2025-12-08
A 63-year-old man in Pune was arrested after operating an illegal clinic for five years, posing as a doctor despite having no medical qualifications or credentials. The suspect charged patients 75-100 rupees per consultation at "Janseva Clinic" before authorities raided the facility, seized medical equipment and medications, and sealed the clinic. Authorities are urging the public to verify healthcare providers' credentials to prevent similar fraud.
techbullion.com
· 2025-12-08
A retired engineer from Düsseldorf, Hans Müller, invested a substantial portion of his retirement savings in a fraudulent pig farming investment scheme that promised high returns but ultimately ceased all communications when he attempted to withdraw funds. With assistance from Midwessex Investigations, a private investigation firm specializing in fraud recovery, authorities conducted forensic analysis, cybersecurity tracking, and international law enforcement collaboration to identify the scammers and successfully recover Müller's financial losses.
heraldsheets.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, cryptocurrency users lost nearly $2 billion to rug pulls, scams, and hacks, with losses exceeding $1.4 billion in the first half of 2024. Common crypto scams include phishing attacks (fake websites and emails stealing login credentials), romance scams (emotional manipulation leading to fraudulent investment requests), impersonation and giveaway scams (fake celebrity endorsements and deepfakes), and investment scams (Ponzi schemes and pump-and-dump schemes). Users can protect themselves by understanding these scam types, remaining alert, and staying informed about threats in the cryptocurrency sector.
theindependent.sg
· 2025-12-08
Cybersecurity has become a household concern in Singapore as digital device usage increases, with common scams including phishing, tech support fraud, grandparent scams using deepfakes, romance scams, and charity fraud targeting everyday users. Industry expert Vishak Raman recommends adopting strong passwords, two-factor authentication, regular software updates, separate networks for smart devices, and household education to mitigate risks. The advice emphasizes verifying authenticity of communications, never granting remote access to unsolicited callers, and confirming identities before sending money or sharing personal information.
mk.co.kr
· 2025-12-08
A sophisticated investment scam organization operating call centers in Seoul and Incheon targeted previous fraud victims by posing as government compensation agents, then pivoted to selling them worthless cryptocurrency after building trust. The scheme, which stole 5.4 billion won from victims, exemplifies evolving fraud tactics that now include fake trading platforms, purchased victim databases from dark markets, and manipulation through social media channels like Telegram and KakaoTalk to circumvent new financial regulations taking effect in August.
mk.co.kr
· 2025-12-08
A sophisticated scam operation with call centers in Seoul and Incheon targeted victims of previous investment fraud by posing as government compensation agents, then resold their personal information to accomplices who impersonated securities employees to solicit cryptocurrency purchases, resulting in 5.4 billion won in stolen funds. Investment scams are evolving to circumvent new capital market regulations by operating through encrypted messaging platforms and creating fake trading systems (HTS) that display fabricated profits; one victim lost 250 million won after depositing funds into a fraudulent trading platform, and police arrested nine members of a virtual asset exchange operation that stole 9 billion won from 133 people.
jamaica-gleaner.com
· 2025-12-08
A Jamaican banking fraud expert called for harsher prison sentences (at least 10 years) for bank employees who steal, citing a case where former National Commercial Bank employee Khadene Thomas stole $74.5 million from three customers but received only a 2-year sentence. The expert also highlighted various fraud schemes affecting the public, including a romance scam where a school vice-principal sent her life savings to an online "fiancé" and attempted to secure a $3 million loan before the bank intervened.
mb.com.ph
· 2025-12-08
ACT-CIS Party-list Rep. Erwin Tulfo proposed legislation that would impose jail sentences of three to six years and fines of at least P500,000 on scammers who target senior citizens and persons with disabilities (PWDs) through internet and telecommunications fraud. The bill aims to protect vulnerable populations who depend on pensions and savings and are frequently victimized by fraudsters and criminal syndicates. Tulfo cited numerous complaints from elderly and disabled victims whose life savings have been depleted through scams.
hindustantimes.com
· 2025-12-08
A 74-year-old retired Lieutenant Colonel in Bengaluru was defrauded of ₹73 lakh by scammers impersonating FedEx executives and police officers who claimed illegal items were found in his name and that he was under digital surveillance for money laundering. The victim transferred money to five accounts between June 13-26 after being convinced to undergo a fake "digital arrest" via Skype, though authorities later managed to freeze ₹30 lakh of the stolen funds.
filipinotimes.net
· 2025-12-08
A Philippine legislative bill is advancing to protect senior citizens and persons with disabilities from internet and telecommunications fraud targeting these vulnerable populations. If enacted, the law would impose penalties including fines of at least PHP 500,000 and imprisonment of three months to six years or more for scammers, with severity depending on the amount stolen. The bill aims to address the growing number of fraud complaints against seniors and PWDs while promoting safer use of digital platforms.
readingeagle.com
· 2025-12-08
Elder fraud targeting older adults has significantly worsened, with reported losses from investment scams reaching $147 million in 2022—a 213% increase compared to 2020, according to FTC data. Scammers continue to exploit seniors by attempting to steal personal and financial information for fraudulent purposes.
newsfirst.lk
· 2025-12-08
The Sri Lanka Computer Emergency Readiness Team (SLCERT) warned of a surge in financial fraud scams where criminals impersonate government agencies through fraudulent emails bearing official letterheads and requesting payments. In the past five months, SLCERT received nearly 7,900 social media-related complaints, with 1,830 specifically involving financial fraud, representing a significant increase in recent days.
tearsheet.co
· 2025-12-08
**Type:** Educational/Industry Insights
Charlie, a fintech company serving Americans 62 and older, is addressing senior financial vulnerabilities through AI-driven fraud protection and personalized banking services. The company offers features like expedited Social Security access, advanced fraud safeguards, competitive deposit rates, and age-optimized design, while exploring additional products such as consumer-friendly home equity solutions and tax-optimized asset decumulation strategies for cash-poor, house-rich retirees. CEO Kevin Nazemi emphasizes the importance of ethical AI implementation and elegant fraud prevention measures—such as their "SpeedBump" 6-hour transaction pause—that protect seniors without creating
foreignaffairs.co.nz
· 2025-12-08
I cannot provide a summary of this content. The text provided appears to be only a website footer/header with navigation links and legal notices, not an article or transcript about scams, fraud, or elder abuse. There is no substantive content about any fraudulent scheme or elder fraud case to summarize.
If you have an actual article or transcript about elder fraud, scams, or abuse, please share that content and I'll be happy to provide a summary for the Elderus database.
highlandcountypress.com
· 2025-12-08
Casey Alexander, a 27-year-old UK national, was sentenced to three years probation after pleading guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud in a cold-calling scheme targeting elderly American investors. The scam promised high returns on wine and whiskey investments held in European warehouses, defrauding over 150 victims of more than $13 million collectively, with one victim losing $300,000 over 18 months; Alexander was ordered to pay $202,195.58 in restitution.
timesnownews.com
· 2025-12-08
Over Rs 5 crore was stolen from Bengaluru residents in 2023 through FedEx and other courier company impersonation scams, with 163 police cases filed in the city. Scammers contacted victims claiming packages in their names contained drugs or illegal items, then impersonated police and CBI officials via video calls to coerce victims into transferring money to multiple accounts. Notable victims included a retired Lieutenant Colonel who lost Rs 73 lakh, a lawyer extorted for Rs 15 lakh, and a software CEO defrauded of Rs 2.3 crore.
gazettengr.com
· 2025-12-08
The FBI charged Nigerian tech entrepreneur Kingsley Inegbedion and Efemena Igbe with a 16-count indictment for perpetrating romance scams and business email compromise schemes that defrauded American citizens of $1.5 million between April 2020 and May 2023. The defendants created fake corporate entities and directed victims to wire money into fraudulent bank accounts at institutions including HSBC, Citibank, and Navy Federal Credit Union, then quickly transferred funds to conceal the fraud. Igbe fled to Nigeria before charges were filed, while Inegbedion was arrested and remanded in custody; the FBI is seeking full restit
tori.ng
· 2025-12-08
Two individuals, Kingsley Inegbedion and Efemena Igbe, were indicted on 16 counts of money laundering and internet fraud for operating romance scams and business email compromise schemes that defrauded American citizens of approximately $1.5 million between April 2020 and May 2023. The defendants posed as legitimate businesses, directed victims to wire money into fraudulent accounts at major banks, and quickly distributed the funds to conceal the scheme; Igbe fled to Nigeria before facing charges while Inegbedion remained to defend himself. The FBI is seeking full restitution and forfeiture of all property obtained through the fraud.
thewhistler.ng
· 2025-12-08
Nigerian tech entrepreneur Kingsley Inegbedion was arrested by the FBI on a 16-count indictment for his alleged role in a $1.5 million fraud scheme operating from April 2020 to May 2023. Inegbedion and accomplice Efemena Igbe (still at large) operated fake corporate entities to perpetrate romance scams and business email compromise schemes targeting victims. The FBI is seeking full restitution of funds and forfeiture of all property obtained through the fraudulent operation.
punchng.com
· 2025-12-08
Tech entrepreneur Kingsley Inegbedion was arrested and charged by the FBI for orchestrating romance scams and business email compromise schemes between April 2020 and May 2023, working with accomplice Efemena Igbe (still at large) to defraud American citizens using fake corporate entities and laundering funds through multiple accounts. The FBI is seeking restitution of funds and forfeiture of property obtained through the scheme, which involved converting stolen money into cashier's checks and cash withdrawals. The article also highlights similar cases including Nigerian crypto executive Linus Williams arrested for fraud and terrorism funding allegations, and the convictions of scammers Hushpuppi (
yahoo.com
· 2025-12-08
The U.S. imposed sanctions on three Mexican accountants and four firms allegedly supporting a timeshare fraud operation run by the Jalisco New Generation drug cartel that targets Americans. Timeshare fraud perpetrated by Mexico-based criminals results in tens of millions in annual losses, with the FBI receiving over 600 complaints in 2022 alone totaling approximately $39.6 million, with elderly Americans being particularly targeted. The Treasury Department and FBI advised banks to remain vigilant against these schemes and reminded consumers to be cautious of unsolicited communications regarding timeshares and high-pressure sales tactics.
cbsnews.com
· 2025-12-08
The U.S. imposed sanctions on three Mexican accountants and four firms linked to the Jalisco New Generation drug cartel for operating a multi-million dollar timeshare fraud scheme targeting Americans, particularly elderly victims. Timeshare fraud losses reached approximately $39.6 million in 2022 alone, with scammers using sophisticated tactics including impersonating U.S. Treasury officials and employing high-pressure sales tactics via unsolicited calls and emails. The Treasury and FBI issued guidance to banks and the public to remain vigilant against these schemes, recommending verification of company representatives and avoidance of time-sensitive offers.
amac.us
· 2025-12-08
Senior citizens are increasingly targeted by impersonation scammers who pose as the IRS, family members, or trusted businesses to steal money or personal information. The IRS warns taxpayers to be cautious of unsolicited calls, texts, or emails claiming money is owed, and to recognize red flags such as requests for payment via gift cards, threats of arrest, and pressure for immediate action—none of which the legitimate IRS employs. Scammers exploit age-related vulnerabilities and use technology like caller ID spoofing to gain credibility, making education about these tactics essential for protecting older adults.