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in General Elder Fraud
santaclaritamagazine.com
· 2025-12-08
AI-driven scams targeting seniors employ various deceptive tactics including robocalls impersonating banks, fake tech support claims, AI-generated personas, fraudulent websites, and healthcare fraud schemes that exploit older adults' unfamiliarity with technology. Protection strategies include verifying unsolicited calls through official channels, using only reputable tech support, avoiding sharing personal information online, shopping only from trusted sources, and establishing family passwords to verify the identity of callers claiming to need help.
businessjournaldaily.com
· 2025-12-08
People over age 64 are increasingly targeted by financial scams through social media and other channels, with the most common scams involving investments, romance, and home improvement—including door-to-door home repair schemes following storms. According to AARP, about half of American adults report being victims or targets of financial fraud, and elder financial abuse costs older Americans at least $36.5 billion annually. Warning signs include pressure to act urgently, requests for unusual payment methods (Zelle, Venmo, debit cards), and claims of free or unrealistically cheap services; victims should contact their local police, financial institutions, and report scams to the BBB.
wcpo.com
· 2025-12-08
Older adults in Hamilton County, Ohio lost $4 million to scammers in the past year, with 75-year-old Carol Brown receiving up to 25 scam calls daily—a problem so widespread that some seniors avoid answering their phones and miss medical appointments. Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost noted that only one in 44 financial crimes against older adults gets reported, often due to seniors' fear of being institutionalized or having their competence questioned, while FBI data shows people 60 and older lost $3.4 billion nationally to scams last year. Experts recommend connecting more with isolated seniors, using phone apps to filter scam calls, and following verification steps such
valleytimes-news.com
· 2025-12-08
Police Chief Denise McCain and representatives from the FBI, Better Business Bureau, and other agencies presented at an East Alabama Regional Planning Commission Summit to educate seniors about fraud targeting older adults. The presentation covered common scams including jury duty imposters, tech support blackmail, grandparent scams using AI-generated voices, lottery scams, and IRS fraud, emphasizing that older adults with good savings and credit are lucrative targets who often delay reporting due to shame or uncertainty about where to report. Key prevention advice included never providing information over the phone, calling loved ones directly to verify requests, and immediately reporting blackmail to police.
shorenewsnetwork.com
· 2025-12-08
An 87-year-old woman in New York was scammed out of $16,900 in a bail bond scheme on Wednesday, when an impostor posing as an attorney claimed her grandson had been arrested for DUI and needed bail money. The suspect met the victim near Fifth Avenue and East 11th Street to collect the cash before fleeing on foot; the victim was unharmed and police are seeking a light-complexioned male suspect, approximately 6 feet tall and 230 lbs, last seen wearing a green baseball hat and white t-shirt.
rbcroyalbank.com
· 2025-12-08
**Grandparent/Emergency Scam**
In 2023, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre reported the grandparent scam caused $11.3 million in losses, making it one of the top 10 frauds by dollar loss, though actual losses are likely higher due to underreporting. The scam involves fraudsters impersonating a grandchild (often using voice-altering technology or spoofing caller IDs) claiming to be in an emergency—injured, arrested, or in trouble abroad—and urgently requesting money while instructing the senior not to tell anyone. To protect against this highly effective scam that exploits seniors' emotional vulnerability,
amny.com
· 2025-12-08
An 87-year-old woman lost $16,900 in a grandparent scam on May 29 when a man posing as an attorney called claiming her grandson needed bail money for a DUI arrest; she withdrew the cash and handed it over at a street location before realizing the deception. The suspect, described as a light-complexioned male approximately 6 feet tall with a medium build, fled on foot and remains at large with no arrests made as of the article's publication.
techbullion.com
· 2025-12-08
The IRS has issued a warning about escalating scams targeting seniors, who are particularly vulnerable to impersonation, phishing, spoofing, and lottery scams that exploit trust and create urgency. Common tactics include fraudsters posing as IRS agents via phone, email, or text to threaten legal action or extract personal information and money through gift cards or wire transfers. The IRS recommends seniors verify caller identity before sharing information, report suspicious activity to the IRS and FTC, and stay informed about scam tactics to protect themselves from financial exploitation.
gatesvillemessenger.com
· 2025-12-08
The Gatesville Senior Center will host an educational presentation called "Seniors Against Scams" on Wednesday, July 17, at 10 a.m., featuring Coryell Health RehabLiving at the Meadows Administrator Maranda May. The full details of the presentation topic and content are available to subscribers only.
floridadaily.com
· 2025-12-08
Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody and Senator Rick Scott warned seniors at the Villages about impersonation scams targeting older adults, where fraudsters pose as IRS or other government officials to steal personal information and money through threats and deception. The scammers pressure victims into immediate payments via gift cards, prepaid debit cards, or wire transfers by claiming fictitious tax liabilities or refunds. Officials advised consumers to recognize that the IRS never demands immediate payment through these methods, never threatens law enforcement involvement, and never requests payment without allowing disputes—and to verify IRS communications directly at 800-829-1040 rather than using caller-provided numbers.
aol.com
· 2025-12-08
Romance scams targeting seniors through online dating platforms resulted in approximately 6,000 reported cases and over $82 million in losses in the second half of one year, with Vermont victims individually losing between $40,000 to $100,000. These scams typically involve online communication and requests for money under false emergency pretenses, though actual losses are believed to be significantly higher due to underreporting stemming from victim shame and family stigma. Authorities generally do not pursue these cases, leaving victims with little recourse to recover funds, and experts recommend seniors increase vigilance as older adults demonstrate reduced ability to detect scams.
floridabar.org
· 2025-12-08
Rima Nathan, director of Florida State University's Claude Pepper Elder Law Clinic, was recognized by AARP Florida as a "Florida Fraud Fighter" for her work combating scams and exploitation targeting older adults and low-income seniors. Under her leadership since 2022, the clinic has recovered nearly $10,000 in predatory fees from solar panel scams, obtained financial relief from unlawful landlord practices, and partnered with the Florida Attorney General's Office to hold exploitative businesses accountable while providing free legal services and educational programming to hundreds of seniors in North Florida.
patch.com
· 2025-12-08
A 77-year-old Elmont man lost $47,000 after receiving a computer prompt directing him to call a number where someone impersonating a Federal Reserve official instructed him to withdraw all his cash, which two men subsequently picked up. The victim recognized the scam after receiving follow-up calls and an attempt to extort an additional $10,000, leading police to arrest 46-year-old Lin Qin of Staten Island on charges of third-degree attempted grand larceny and third-degree grand larceny.
kttn.com
· 2025-12-08
Gino Rives, 36, of St. Louis County, Missouri, was sentenced to seven years in prison for defrauding the Social Security Administration of over $721,000 through false disability claims since 2010 and financially exploiting two elderly women, from whom he obtained over $855,000, four vehicles, a house, and checks for incomplete construction work. The court ordered Rives to repay $1.1 million in restitution, return six vehicles and a house, and pay a $100,000 fine, with additional charges pending against his mother and an accomplice.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Gino Rives, 36, of St. Louis County, Missouri, was sentenced to 87 months in prison and ordered to repay over $1.1 million for exploiting two elderly women while fraudulently collecting disability benefits from Social Security. Rives falsely claimed mental health disabilities since 2010 while concealing employment and assets, obtaining four vehicles, a house, and over $855,000 in checks and unauthorized debit card charges from his elderly victims, one of whom was moved to a nursing home and left with minimal possessions.
liherald.com
· 2025-12-08
A 77-year-old Elmont resident lost $47,000 after receiving a pop-up prompt directing him to call a number where someone impersonating a Federal Reserve employee instructed him to withdraw cash for an alleged investigation. Following follow-up calls requesting an additional $10,000, the victim reported the scam to police, leading to the arrest of Staten Island resident Lin Qiu, 46, who was charged with grand larceny and attempted grand larceny; two other individuals involved in the initial cash pickup remain unidentified.
oig.ssa.gov
· 2025-12-08
Gino Rives, 36, of St. Louis County, was sentenced to 87 months in prison and ordered to pay over $1.1 million in restitution for defrauding the Social Security Administration's disability program and financially exploiting two elderly women. Rives falsely claimed mental health disabilities while concealing employment and assets, fraudulently receiving more than $721,000 since 2021, and obtained vehicles, a house, and over $855,000 in checks from elderly victims through construction fraud and unauthorized use of their financial accounts. Judge Stephen R. Clark also ordered him to return six vehicles and a house to the victims and imposed a $100,000 fine;
yahoo.com
· 2025-12-08
Gino Rives was sentenced to over seven years in prison for defrauding two elderly women, including one victim who gave him $1 million for home remodeling work that was never completed on her sub-$150,000 home. The defendant exploited the primary victim while she was hospitalized and hallucinating, manipulating her due to loneliness, and she subsequently died. Judge Stephen Clark called Rives' actions "evil, callous and egregious," and prosecutors are working to recover the stolen funds.
jdsupra.com
· 2025-12-08
The FBI warned that timeshare fraud targeting senior Americans operates in three phases—fraudsters impersonating brokers demanding upfront payments, then posing as lawyers promising fund recovery for additional fees, and finally impersonating government officials using threats of legal consequences to extort money, with proceeds flowing to Mexican cartels. Seniors are advised to avoid unfamiliar callers, refuse upfront payments for timeshare services, and refrain from emailing legal documents, while financial firms should discuss these scams with clients.
wwnytv.com
· 2025-12-08
Four people were arrested in Oswego County, New York in June 2024 for attempting to defraud senior citizens through phone scams that would have resulted in $78,000 in losses. In the first incident, a 75-year-old woman received a call claiming she was accused of a crime and needed to pay money; she became suspicious and alerted police, who arrested two suspects from Ontario, Canada at her home. A week later, two Brooklyn residents were arrested after attempting to convince a 72-year-old man that his Cash App account was hacked and he needed to withdraw $38,000, but the victim contacted police before handing over the money.
myjoyonline.com
· 2025-12-08
Ghanaian influencer Mona Faiz Montrage (Hajia 4reall) was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for her role in romance scams targeting senior citizens, which defrauded 32 victims of approximately $1.4 million over six years. She was arrested in the United Kingdom in November 2022, extradited to the United States in May 2023, and pleaded guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen money in February 2024. As part of her sentence, Montrage was ordered to pay $2,164,758.41 in forfeiture and restitution to victims.
the420.in
· 2025-12-08
A 72-year-old businessman in Mumbai lost Rs 1.38 lakh to cyber fraudsters while attempting to purchase sweets online for Ganesh Chaturthi after finding a fake contact number for a sweet shop through Google search. The scammer used multiple deceptive tactics—claiming orders weren't confirmed, falsely stating transferred amounts were "codes" with no monetary value, and sending a nominal Rs 50 refund to establish credibility—eventually convincing the victim and his 74-year-old friend to transfer additional funds totaling Rs 29,875 and Rs 45,000 respectively. The Oshiwara police registered a case under the Indian Pe
nypost.com
· 2025-12-08
A 39-year-old Bronx man, Victor Anthony Valdez, was charged with wire fraud conspiracy for his role as a courier in an international "grandparent scam" that defrauded elderly residents of New York and New Jersey of tens of thousands of dollars between August 2020 and 2021. Scammers operating from call centers in the Dominican Republic posed as grandchildren or legal officials, convincing elderly victims their grandchildren had been arrested and needed bail money, then sent Valdez to collect cash from victims' homes. Valdez faces up to 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine if convicted.
kiro7.com
· 2025-12-08
A 77-year-old Aberdeen resident lost $12,000 in a jury duty scam on June 27, when a fraudster claimed he had missed court and owed a fine, then directed him to convert the money to Bitcoin via a Coinstar machine. The scammer used a fake website mimicking the Grays Harbor Sheriff's Office to appear legitimate, though the victim reported the incident to police within an hour. Aberdeen Police emphasized that law enforcement never requests payment by phone or Bitcoin and urged residents to share awareness of this scam with seniors.
examiner-enterprise.com
· 2025-12-08
This article is not relevant to the Elderus fraud research database. It is a community events listing for Bartlesville, Oklahoma, featuring recreational and cultural activities such as farmers markets, museum exhibits, animal attractions, and family entertainment. It contains no information about scams, fraud, elder abuse, or financial exploitation.
chroniclet.com
· 2025-12-08
This does not appear to be a complete article. The text provided consists primarily of website interface elements (notification messages, session prompts, photo editing tools) and incomplete headline fragments. While a headline mentions "British man sentenced for wine and whiskey investment scam that targeted older Americans," the actual article content is missing.
To provide an accurate summary for the Elderus database, please provide the full article text.
krcrtv.com
· 2025-12-08
During Elder Abuse Awareness Month, law enforcement in Shasta County, California highlighted the prevalence of financial fraud targeting seniors in the region, with the Redding Police Department reporting approximately 175 cases of elder abuse to their detective division last year. Perpetrators often include family members, caregivers, and neighbors who exploit the trust of elderly victims, making detection and intervention difficult. State lawmakers are advancing SB 278, which would require financial institutions to hold transactions over $5,000 for at least three days when financial abuse is suspected, aimed at preventing scammers from quickly transferring stolen funds offshore or to cryptocurrency accounts where recovery is rare.
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
· 2025-12-08
A 37-year-old woman named Rashmi Kar was arrested in Navi Mumbai for defrauding her 34-year-old widow neighbor of approximately Rs 7 lakh (approximately $8,400 USD) using an AI voice-changing app to impersonate a male named "Abhimanyu Mehra." Kar, working with her husband Dipanjal Biswas, posed as a job recruiter, developed a romantic relationship with the victim over seven months, and convinced her to transfer money without ever meeting in person. The victim became suspicious when the impersonator avoided in-person meetings and reported the scam to police, leading to
lavalnews.ca
· 2025-12-08
An underage fraudster in Laval was arrested for targeting seniors and other victims through impersonation calls claiming to represent financial institutions, convincing them to write their PINs on debit cards placed in envelopes for supposed courier pickup. The suspect allegedly used the retrieved cards to commit fraud at ATMs and businesses, with police believing up to 30 incidents were connected to the same scheme, and in some cases accomplices posed as bank representatives during multi-party calls to further deceive victims.
theprogressnews.com
· 2025-12-08
Pennsylvania's Shapiro Administration warns older adults during Elder Abuse Awareness Month to be cautious of predatory annuity sales practices, where agents pressure seniors into purchasing annuities that don't suit their financial needs and may lock their savings for 5-10 years with surrender charges. The state's Insurance Department recommends that seniors read contracts carefully, utilize free look periods, avoid pressure tactics, and work only with credentialed agents, while noting that since 2023 Pennsylvania has recovered over $2 million for consumers, including one case where $130,000 was returned to an older adult sold an unsuitable annuity.
bbc.com
· 2025-12-08
Ghanaian social media influencer Mona Montrage ("Mona 4 Real") was sentenced to 12 months and one day in U.S. federal prison for receiving proceeds from romance scams targeting elderly Americans between 2013 and 2019. Montrage, a member of a West African criminal syndicate, received money from approximately 40 romance fraud victims through her bank accounts, totaling over $2 million in fraudulent funds, and was ordered to forfeit $216,475 and pay $1,387,458 in restitution. She pleaded guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen money and money laundering in February.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Mona Faiz Montrage, a prominent Ghanaian Instagram influencer with 3.4 million followers, was sentenced to 12 months and one day in prison in June 2024 after pleading guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen money from romance scams. From 2013 to 2019, Montrage received over $2 million in fraudulent funds from approximately 40 vulnerable elderly victims who were deceived into sending money under false pretenses such as gold transport fees and fake FBI investigations. In addition to her prison sentence, she was ordered to forfeit $216,475 and pay restitution of $1,387,458.
mychesco.com
· 2025-12-08
The Pennsylvania Insurance Department is warning older adults about deceptive sales tactics used by agents pressuring seniors into inappropriate annuity purchases without full understanding of the products. The department has recovered over $2 million for Pennsylvania consumers through "free look" period reviews since 2023, including a $130,000 refund in one case, and advises seniors to thoroughly review contracts, understand surrender charges, verify agent credentials, and utilize cooling-off periods before committing to annuity purchases.
wcax.com
· 2025-12-08
Rachel Chen, 25, of Massachusetts was arrested and indicted in three counties for her role in tech support scams targeting New Hampshire seniors. In one case, a Grafton County elderly resident lost $20,000 after being deceived into believing their bank account was hacked; Chen allegedly picked up the cash on behalf of the scam operation. The case is ongoing with Chen scheduled for court appearances later in 2024.
12news.com
· 2025-12-08
Arizona seniors have lost over $82 million to fraud, with tech support scams causing average losses of $23,000 per victim and affecting people 60+ at 500% higher rates than younger adults. The Peoria Police Department is actively combating the "Phantom Hacker Scam," where criminals use pop-ups to trick seniors into sending money via cryptocurrency ATMs while posing as fraud detectives, and authorities are installing warning signs at crypto machines and urging community members to educate elderly relatives about avoiding such scams.
abc.net.au
· 2025-12-08
A man in his late 70s lost $2,000 to a sophisticated investment scam involving "Wise Investments," a fraudulent clone website, after weeks of professional-sounding phone calls from fake financial advisors who showed him fabricated investment growth on his computer. Investment scams accounted for over $1.3 billion in losses to Australians in 2023, with people over 65 being the primary targets, though experts note that digital literacy gaps and lack of support systems are also critical factors in vulnerability.
candgnews.com
· 2025-12-08
Macomb County Prosecutor Peter Lucido held an educational workshop in June to inform the public—particularly seniors—about common scams and fraud tactics, highlighting how personal information shared online is often sold to third parties and exploited by scammers. The workshop identified four key components scammers use (pretend, payment, prize/problem, and pressure) and covered various fraud methods including spoofing, phishing, vishing, and impersonation of authorities, banks, and tech support. Lucido recommended using "opt out" selections when filling out forms and published a 30-page guide called "S.C.A.M.S." to help prevent identity theft and financial fraud in
midmichigannow.com
· 2025-12-08
Victor Valdez, a New York City man, was charged with conspiracy to defraud seniors through a "grandparent scam" in which call center operators in the Dominican Republic impersonated grandchildren claiming to need bail money between 2020 and 2021, with Valdez collecting the cash from victims' homes. The scheme resulted in tens of thousands of dollars in losses, and Valdez faces up to 20 years in prison and $250,000 in fines. The case reflects a broader trend: elder fraud reports to the FBI increased 14% annually, with seniors losing over $3.4 billion to scams, many of which go unreported.
states.aarp.org
· 2025-12-08
Ellen Klem and Billie McNeely, working for Oregon's Attorney General's office and Adult Protective Services respectively, are leading efforts to combat rising elder fraud in the state, with recent scams increasingly involving cryptocurrency schemes that are difficult for law enforcement to trace. Elder fraud is growing nationally and particularly threatening to Oregon's aging population, with victims experiencing devastating financial losses and psychological harm that can be life-altering. Their prevention work includes training bankers and law enforcement, educating the public through campaigns like "Just Hang Up!," and providing dedicated prosecution support for complex financial exploitation cases.
wchstv.com
· 2025-12-08
Victor Valdez, a New York City man, was charged with wire fraud conspiracy for helping operate a grandparent scam between 2020 and 2021, in which call center operators in the Dominican Republic impersonated grandchildren, lawyers, and court officials to convince senior victims they needed bail money, with Valdez collecting the cash from their homes. The scheme defrauded grandparents of tens of thousands of dollars, and Valdez faces up to 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine; the FBI reports that scams targeting people over 60 caused over $3.4 billion in losses last year.
cbsaustin.com
· 2025-12-08
Victor Valdez, a New York City man, was charged with wire fraud conspiracy for conspiring with Dominican Republic call center operators between 2020 and 2021 to defraud grandparents by impersonating their grandchildren, lawyers, and court officials claiming bail money was needed. Valdez collected tens of thousands of dollars from victims by picking up cash from their homes after the scammers convinced them to withdraw money, and he faces up to 20 years in prison. The case highlights a broader trend in elder fraud, with reports to the FBI increasing 14% annually and scams targeting seniors 60+ causing over $3.4 billion in losses.
prnewswire.com
· 2025-12-08
House Bill 692, "Larry's Law," took effect in Virginia on July 1, 2024, requiring financial institutions to train employees to identify and report potential elder financial exploitation and notify seniors' trusted contacts of suspicious activity. The law was named after Larry Cook, a retired Navy commander from Herndon, Virginia, who lost $3.6 million in a phishing scam; his niece and estate administrator, Janine Williamson, advocated for the legislation, which unanimously passed the Virginia General Assembly and aims to strengthen frontline defenses against elder financial fraud.
laconiadailysun.com
· 2025-12-08
The New Hampshire Banking Department partnered with Meals on Wheels to distribute 8,000 informational cards to elderly recipients, providing education on preventing elder financial abuse, filing complaints, and recognizing common scams. According to the Federal Trade Commission, seniors aged 70-79 lost a median of $804 to fraud in 2023, while those 80 and above lost $1,450; in New Hampshire alone, 408 victims lost over $11.3 million to such scams.
katu.com
· 2025-12-08
Victor Valdez, a New York City man, was charged with wire fraud conspiracy for helping operate a "grandparent scam" between 2020 and 2021, in which call center operators in the Dominican Republic posed as grandchildren, lawyers, or court officials to convince elderly victims they needed bail money, with Valdez collecting the cash from victims' homes. The scheme defrauded grandparents of tens of thousands of dollars, and Valdez faces up to 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. The case highlights a broader trend: elder fraud reports to the FBI increased 14% last year, with victims aged 60+ losing over $3.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
**Sweepstakes Mail Fraud Scheme**
Meagan E. Shine, 47, of Warwick, Rhode Island, was indicted in June 2024 on four counts of mail fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit mail fraud for operating deceptive sweepstakes schemes that defrauded seniors and vulnerable individuals across 41 states out of an estimated $10 million. Through businesses including Lucky Dog, LLC and Destiny Merchandise, LLC, Shine sent official-looking mailings falsely claiming recipients had won prizes or were entitled to cash, instructing victims to send $20-$30 processing fees to a Providence PO Box
theglobeandmail.com
· 2025-12-08
Megan E. Shine of Providence was arraigned in federal court on four counts of mail fraud and one count of conspiracy for operating fraudulent mail-order sweepstake schemes through shell companies Lucky Dog LLC and Destiny Merchandise LLC. The scheme defrauded elderly and vulnerable individuals out of approximately $10 million by sending personalized letters with forged government seals promising cash prizes and requesting $20-$30 "processing fees" from victims. Shine faces up to 20 years in prison if convicted.
clintonherald.com
· 2025-12-08
A June 2024 Washington Post investigation revealed a massive scam operation centered in Myanmar's Kokang region, controlled by Chinese crime families, that employed approximately 120,000 coerced workers across over 300 call centers to perpetrate cryptocurrency investment scams and romance scams targeting US victims. Workers from 35 countries were lured under false pretenses and subjected to beatings, torture, and killings for attempting to escape or failing to meet quotas, demonstrating why legal consequences remain minimal for scammers operating from overseas jurisdictions.
graphic.com.gh
· 2025-12-08
Ghanaian influencer Mona Faiz Montrage (Hajia4Real) was sentenced to one year and one day in prison in June 2024 for her role in romance scams that defrauded over 40 elderly American victims between 2013 and 2019. Montrage received more than $2 million in fraudulent funds through fake romantic relationships and fabricated stories about gold transport and military funds, and was ordered to pay $1,387,458 in restitution and forfeit $216,475.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Robert Louis Sanchez of New Mexico was sentenced to 18 months in federal prison as the fifth defendant in a grandparent scam that defrauded hundreds of victims across the United States, including Kentucky, of over $3 million between August 2020 and May 2021. The scheme involved callers convincing seniors that a grandchild needed emergency money, with co-conspirators posing as couriers to collect cash and launder proceeds through banks and cryptocurrency exchanges. Sanchez served as both a courier and "safehouse" keeper for stolen funds, with four other co-conspirators previously sentenced to terms ranging from 6 months to 6 years in prison.
thesmokymountaintimes.com
· 2025-12-08
Tammy Williams and Ginger Frady from United Community Bank conducted a senior fraud awareness program at Swain Senior Center, educating older adults on recognizing and avoiding scams. According to the Federal Trade Commission, older adults lost $1.6 billion to scammers in the previous year, with nearly half lost to fraudulent investments, lottery schemes, phishing, and grandparent scams being among the most common threats. The presenters advised seniors to use credit cards with low limits for online purchases, avoid clicking suspicious links, never send money for prizes they didn't win, hang up on pushy callers claiming to represent government or financial institutions, and consult with their banks when uncertain