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thecut.com
· 2025-12-08
In October, the author—a financially literate journalist and New York Times columnist—fell victim to an elaborate impersonation scam that cost her $50,000 in savings. After an initial fraudulent Amazon customer service call, she was transferred to a scammer posing as a federal agent who claimed her identity had been compromised and her home was being monitored, pressuring her to withdraw cash and leave it on the street in a shoebox without telling anyone. The article challenges common stereotypes about scam victims, noting that younger adults are actually 34% more likely to report fraud losses than seniors, and that intelligence, education, and financial literacy provide no protection against sophisticated psychological manipulation tactics.
michigan.gov
· 2025-12-08
**Summary:**
Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel issued a fraud alert after scammers sent phishing emails impersonating her, claiming to help recipients whose tax refunds were being stolen but actually attempting to collect personal information. The fraudulent emails, sent from fake Gmail accounts with broken English and poor grammar, falsely claimed to address tax refund complaints and asked recipients for sensitive details. Nessel reminded consumers that government agencies do not collect federal tax debt via email or phone, and the IRS never demands immediate payment, threatens arrest, or requests personal information electronically.
kttn.com
· 2025-12-08
Four California men have been indicted for operating a nationwide tech support fraud scheme targeting elderly victims, with Yu-Chieh Huang arrested as a courier after attempting to pick up $88,000 from a Missouri couple who were told their computer contained evidence of a crime. The scam, which operated from 2020 to 2023, involved Liang Jin and Kaiyu Wen directing couriers and recruiting individuals to fraudulently open bank accounts, resulting in approximately $7 million in fraudulent transactions before authorities intervened. One suspect, Kaiyu Wen, remains at large.
staysafeonline.org
· 2025-12-08
This educational article outlines common election-related scams and fraud tactics targeting voters, including phishing emails impersonating campaigns or election authorities, spoofed government websites designed to steal data or collect fraudulent donations, voter suppression schemes spreading misinformation about polling locations and voting dates, fake voter registration drives collecting personal information, and robocalls spreading false election information or soliciting unauthorized donations. The article provides protective measures such as verifying sender legitimacy, using only official government websites with secure connections, consulting federal resources for voter registration and election information, and reporting suspicious activities to election authorities.
ncdoj.gov
· 2025-12-08
Imposter scams, where criminals pose as government agencies, law enforcement, or companies to threaten victims with arrest or legal consequences, cost Americans $2.7 billion last year. The article provides protective measures against these scams, emphasizing that legitimate government officials never contact people via phone or text demanding money or personal information, and warns that requests for payment through gift cards, wire transfers, or cryptocurrency are clear red flags indicating fraud.
nypost.com
· 2025-12-08
A New York Magazine financial advice columnist lost $50,000 to a vishing scam in which a fraudster impersonated an FTC investigator, falsely claiming she was wanted for arrest and needed to pay cash to restore her identity. Federal Trade Commission Chair Lina Khan used the incident to warn the public that Americans lost $2.7 billion last year to voice phishing scams, emphasizing that legitimate government officials never request personal information, badge numbers, or cash transfers via phone.
wired.com
· 2025-12-08
A freelance finance writer fell victim to an elaborate impersonation scam in which scammers posing as an Amazon employee, FTC official, and CIA agent convinced her to withdraw and hand over $50,000 in cash to a stranger, using threats of arrest warrants and asset freezes to manipulate her into isolation and compliance. Security experts note that professional scammers use sophisticated social engineering tactics—including fear for family safety, appeals to emotion, and knowledge of personal details like Social Security numbers—to override victims' skepticism, and that anyone, regardless of sophistication, can be targeted by such schemes.
2news.com
· 2025-12-08
The Lyon County Sheriff's Office warned of scam calls primarily targeting senior citizens as of February 16, 2024. The notice did not specify the exact nature of the scams or any reported losses, but advised residents to be cautious of unsolicited phone calls.
theautopian.com
· 2025-12-08
Financial advice columnist Charlotte Cowles lost $50,000 to a sophisticated phone scam in which callers impersonated Amazon, the Federal Trade Commission, and the CIA, using personal information to convince her to withdraw cash and hand it to an undercover "CIA agent." The scammers obtained her Social Security number and family details, and instructed her not to tell anyone, ultimately leading her to place $50,000 in a shoebox and hand it through a car window. Cowles publicly shared her experience to raise awareness about how scams can target anyone, regardless of financial literacy or expertise, and to help prevent others from falling victim to similar schemes.
kiplinger.com
· 2025-12-08
Imposter scams are rising sharply, with people losing $2.7 billion to this fraud type in 2022 (up 14% overall from the previous year), as exemplified by financial columnist Charlotte Cowles who was scammed out of $50,000 by imposters posing as Amazon and CIA officials. The FTC has proposed new protections against impersonation fraud and warned that AI-generated deepfakes are making these scams increasingly sophisticated and convincing. Consumers are advised to monitor accounts regularly, never confirm personal information over unsolicited calls, and report suspected scams to the FTC.
dailydot.com
· 2025-12-08
A woman fell victim to a jury duty scam in which a caller impersonating a sheriff's deputy claimed she had missed jury duty and owed $750 in fines ($375 per misdemeanor), threatening arrest if she didn't pay immediately by phone. The victim stayed on the line for three hours while the scammer answered all her verification questions using information about a real local police station, ultimately pressuring her into nearly paying before she recognized the fraud. Court officials warn that legitimate jury summonses are sent only by U.S. Mail and courts never demand payment by phone, credit card, or wire transfer.
securityboulevard.com
· 2025-12-08
Online dating platforms are increasingly vulnerable to AI-driven romance scams, with cybercriminals using generative AI to create ultra-realistic fake personas with convincing messages, images, and audio to deceive users and steal money and personal information. Research from Darktrace shows a 135% increase in novel social engineering attacks, particularly around Valentine's Day when online dating activity peaks. Both individual users and dating platforms should implement protective measures, including limiting personal information sharing, recognizing signs of AI-generated content, refusing money requests from online contacts, and utilizing identity verification and fraud detection tools.
menafn.com
· 2025-12-08
Singapore recorded over 46,000 scam cases in 2023, resulting in losses of 651.8 million Singapore dollars (approximately 484 million U.S. dollars), a slight decrease from 2022. The most prevalent scam types were job scams, e-commerce scams, fake friend call scams, phishing scams, and investment scams. Police conducted 24 enforcement activities that led to the investigation of more than 9,600 money mules and scam suspects.
collegiatetimes.com
· 2025-12-08
Virginia Tech has experienced an influx of phishing scams targeting university email accounts, primarily using social engineering tactics rather than system vulnerabilities to trick recipients into sharing personal information, money, or clicking malicious links. While misinformation claims the scams are new or that Outlook's security is ineffective, officials report the scams have persisted for years and Outlook has strong protective tools; notably, most victims have been students rather than older individuals. University officials recommend marking suspicious emails as phishing, verifying sender addresses through official staff lists, and reporting compromised accounts immediately.
pressdemocrat.com
· 2025-12-08
The Sonoma County District Attorney's Office warned of a circulating phishing scam impersonating Costco that claims members' memberships have expired and offers a free 90-day extension through a "loyalty program" if they enter credit card details. Victims who received these fraudulent emails are advised to verify membership status directly with Costco customer service or a local store location rather than responding to the email.
seattletimes.com
· 2025-12-08
Charlotte Cowles, a finance advice columnist at New York Magazine, fell victim to a $50,000 scam involving fraudsters impersonating Amazon, the Federal Trade Commission, and the CIA who convinced her to withdraw money for "safekeeping" due to alleged identity theft and fraudulent accounts. The article debunks the scammers' tactics by confirming that Amazon never transfers customers to the FTC, the FTC never provides badge numbers or asks for financial information, and the CIA does not conduct domestic fraud investigations. The piece serves as an educational guide highlighting red flags and advising consumers to hang up on suspicious calls and contact companies directly through official channels.
ago.mo.gov
· 2025-12-08
Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey issued a tax season fraud warning, advising residents to protect their personal information from scammers posing as the IRS through unsolicited calls, emails, and phishing schemes. The advisory emphasizes that the IRS never initiates contact via phone or email requesting personal data, and recommends filing taxes early, using credentialed preparers, and securely handling sensitive information to prevent identity theft. Consumers who believe they are victims of scams can contact the Missouri Attorney General's consumer hotline at 800-392-8222 or ago.mo.gov.
kiplinger.com
· 2025-12-08
According to Experian's 2024 fraud report, AI-generated deepfakes, identity theft, and fake charity schemes are among the year's biggest scams targeting consumers and businesses, with nearly 70% of businesses reporting increased fraud losses and over half of consumers feeling more vulnerable to fraud than the previous year. The report identifies five major fraud threats: AI scams and deepfakes, weaker in-person bank identity verification, retail return fraud, synthetic identity fraud, and fake charitable campaigns—with deepfakes particularly empowering fraudsters to conduct more accessible and convincing attacks.
goldrushcam.com
· 2025-12-08
The Orange County Sheriff's Department issued a February 2024 awareness advisory warning residents about romance scams and various other fraud schemes, noting that scammers manipulate victims into believing they're in committed relationships to steal money and that criminal tactics evolve constantly. The advisory identified eight common scam types including text phishing, online employment fraud, tech support scams, and impersonation schemes (involving fake tax, utility, warrant, and arrest claims), and advised victims of financial fraud to immediately report incidents to their financial institutions and request new accounts.
straitstimes.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, Singapore reported a record high of 46,563 scam cases with victims losing $651.8 million, marking a 46.8 percent increase in cases from 2022 despite public warnings. Job scams were the most prevalent fraud type, followed by e-commerce scams (which more than doubled), with 73 percent of victims aged below 50, contrary to assumptions that elderly people are most vulnerable. The police attributed most scams to organized criminal groups operating transnationally and noted that 19 scam syndicates were dismantled in 2023 through international cooperation.
todayonline.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, scam cases in Singapore surged 49.6 percent to 50,376 total cases, with Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram identified as the primary platforms used by scammers to contact victims. Job scams became the most prevalent type with 9,914 cases (up 52.7 percent from 2022), followed by investment scams, while adults aged 30-49 represented the largest victim demographic; notably, despite increased case numbers, total losses decreased slightly to S$651.8 million (down 1.3 percent) and average loss per case dropped 32.8 percent to S$13,999.
yaledailynews.com
· 2025-12-08
Yale Law School's Solomon Center for Health Law and Policy hosted a panel discussion on February 16 addressing elder fraud and abuse in America, where one in ten Americans over 60 have experienced some form of exploitation. The event featured lawyers, medical experts, and Senator Richard Blumenthal discussing innovative prevention mechanisms, including screening tools, domestic violence initiatives, and financial monitoring apps, while emphasizing the need for bipartisan federal action, stronger nursing home oversight, and AI regulation to protect seniors from online exploitation.
kttn.com
· 2025-12-08
Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey issued a warning to residents about tax season scams, advising vigilance against fraudsters attempting to steal personal information, particularly Social Security numbers. The advisory highlights that scammers impersonate the IRS through fake phone calls and phishing emails, and recommends consumers file taxes early, use reputable preparers, protect sensitive documents, and verify credentials to prevent identity theft. Those who suspect fraud can contact the Missouri Attorney General's consumer hotline at 800-392-8222 or visit the office's website for assistance.
krcgtv.com
· 2025-12-08
Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey issued a warning to residents about tax season scams, where fraudsters impersonate the IRS via phone calls, emails, and phishing schemes to steal personal information and social security numbers. The advisory provides protective measures including filing taxes early, using reputable preparers, being suspicious of unsolicited IRS contact, and securing personal documents. Consumers who suspect they are victims of scams are encouraged to contact the Missouri Attorney General's consumer hotline at 800-392-8222 or ago.mo.gov.
businesstimes.com.sg
· 2025-12-08
DBS Foundation launched educational getai (traditional street performances) events to teach seniors about digital literacy and scam prevention, drawing approximately 2,800 participants across seven events since the initiative's pilot in August. The effort responds to rising scam incidents in Singapore, where over 46,000 scam cases were reported in 2023 with malware scams alone resulting in S$34.1 million in losses; DBS plans to expand anti-scam education through TikTok campaigns and an interactive quiz targeting 30,000 people over the next year in partnership with government agencies.
thenelsondaily.com
· 2025-12-08
"Sugar dating" scams target young people seeking financial support by luring them with promises of allowances and gifts; scammers typically pay victims with fraudulent cheques and then request donations to fake charities they control, leaving victims unable to recover funds when cheques bounce. A Pitt Meadows post-secondary student was approached on Instagram by someone claiming to be a wealthy sugar momma offering $500 weekly in exchange for phone calls, but became suspicious when pressured to donate to an orphanage. The Better Business Bureau recommends potential sugar dating participants set clear boundaries, verify payment methods in advance, diversify income sources, and recognize red flags like pressure tactics and suspicious charity requests.
freep.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, consumers reported losing a record $10 billion to fraud and scams—a 14% increase from 2022—according to FTC data, with 2.6 million fraud reports filed nationwide and approximately 700,000 people reporting financial losses. Common scams included romance fraud, fake bank and tech support calls, and impersonation schemes, with criminals exploiting digital payment methods including bank transfers ($1.86 billion) and cryptocurrency ($1.41 billion). Michigan consumers alone lost $151.7 million to fraud in 2023, with a median loss of $410 per victim.
marketing-interactive.com
· 2025-12-08
Singapore reported 46,563 scam cases in 2023, a 50% increase from 31,728 cases in 2022, with job scams (9,914 cases) and eCommerce scams (9,783 cases) being the most common types. Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp were the primary platforms used by scammers, accounting for the majority of social media-based fraud, while victims spanned all age groups with adults aged 30-49 comprising the largest proportion at 43.1%. Despite the surge in cases, the average loss per scam decreased 32.8% to SG$13,999 in 2023,
businesstimes.com.sg
· 2025-12-08
Singapore reported a record 46,563 scam cases in 2023, representing a 46.8% increase from 2022, with victims losing S$651.8 million. Job scams were the most prevalent (9,914 cases; S$135.7 million lost), primarily targeting those aged 30-49 through WhatsApp and Telegram offers of work-from-home tasks, while fake friend call scams surged to 6,859 cases (S$23 million lost), disproportionately affecting adults aged 50-64. Contrary to common assumptions, 73% of victims were under age 50, with malware scams
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
On February 1, a federal grand jury indicted Monique C. Clarke, 28, a Jamaican national, and Jon-Michael Hudson, 33, for conspiracy to commit money laundering as part of a lottery scam targeting 51 elderly victims across the United States, resulting in losses exceeding $6.6 million. From October 2020 through January 2021, the defendants allegedly called elderly victims claiming they had won lottery prizes and solicited fees for taxes, shipping, and processing; the funds were then deposited by money mules into accounts controlled by Clarke and Hudson, with Clarke receiving over $500,000 from five victims' losses before allegedly wiring $150
wftv.com
· 2025-12-08
**Summary:**
A central Florida woman's elderly mother lost approximately $600,000 in a romance scam that began on social media, where a scammer impersonated Elon Musk and convinced her she was engaged and investing money with him. The victim made large wire transfers exceeding $100,000 and daily $3,000 ATM withdrawals for gift cards before her daughter discovered the fraud in early 2023. The FTC reported $1.3 billion in romance scam losses nationally in 2022, with experts noting such scams disproportionately target older, divorced women seeking companionship.
stories.td.com
· 2025-12-08
Romance scams cost Canadian victims over $50 million in 2023, with fraudsters building trust over weeks to years before requesting money for emergencies, business ventures, or cryptocurrency investments. While seniors are frequently targeted, anyone—particularly those who are lonely or vulnerable—can fall victim to these scams that occur across dating apps and social media platforms. Key prevention strategies include being cautious of quick professions of love, avoiding in-person meetings, refusing personal information requests, and understanding that sent money is often irretrievable.
949whom.com
· 2025-12-08
This article discusses prevalent scams affecting New Hampshire residents, with the author highlighting how scam artists exploit older adults who lack technological training. The piece opens with a personal anecdote about the author's father nearly falling victim to a phishing scam impersonating the post office that attempted to steal banking information, noting that such fraud costs people millions of dollars annually across the state.
royalexaminer.com
· 2025-12-08
This educational article provides guidance on recognizing common social media scams targeting users of all ages. It identifies six key red flags including suspicious links in messages, personal information-gathering quizzes, duplicate friend requests from fake accounts, attempts to move conversations to private platforms, money-related requests, and unrealistic online deals. The article advises users to exercise caution, avoid impulsive clicking, and consult IT specialists for additional device security.
candgnews.com
· 2025-12-08
Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel will host a free educational presentation on February 26 at the Madison Heights Active Adult Center to address common scams targeting senior citizens. The discussion covers imposter scams where con artists pose as relatives, utility workers, government officials, or romantic interests, often using artificial intelligence and creating false urgency to pressure victims into sending money via untraceable methods like gift cards, wire transfers, or cryptocurrency. Authorities recommend seniors verify caller identities through independent contact information, never share personal financial details without confirmation, and report suspected scams to local police or the Federal Trade Commission.
hawaiipublicradio.org
· 2025-12-08
Multiple Hawaiian residents received calls from imposters claiming to be deputy sheriffs, demanding electronic payment to dismiss alleged outstanding warrants for failure to appear in court. The Department of Law Enforcement clarified that legitimate sheriffs do not contact people by phone to collect warrant-related fees, and advised residents to never provide financial or personal information to unsolicited callers claiming to represent law enforcement agencies.
foxnews.com
· 2025-12-08
Charlotte Cowles, a financial columnist for New York Magazine's The Cut, lost $50,000 in a sophisticated phone scam that began with a fraudulent Amazon customer service call on October 31, 2023. The scammers used personal details about her family and threats of surveillance to manipulate her over five hours, employing the tactic of "blocking the exits" to prevent her from reaching out to trusted contacts. Cowles publicly defended her story by emphasizing that scam victims come from all walks of life—including financial professionals, doctors, and lawyers—and advised others to identify trusted people to contact and create exit strategies when feeling pressured.
the-sun.com
· 2025-12-08
Charlotte Cowles, a New York financial columnist, lost $50,000 in an elaborate phone scam in October where scammers impersonated Amazon, the FTC, and a CIA agent, using fear tactics and personal information about her and her family to convince her that her identity had been compromised and a warrant was out for her arrest. The scammers kept her on the phone for five hours and instructed her to withdraw cash and hand it to a car that pulled up to her apartment building. According to the FTC, such government impersonation scams are increasingly common, with Americans losing $2.7 billion to these schemes in 2023.
1011now.com
· 2025-12-08
Lincoln Electric System (LES) has reported an uptick in scams targeting its customers, with scammers sending fraudulent text messages claiming bills are due and threatening power disconnection while offering discounts and malicious links. LES advises customers to verify messages against their actual bills, avoid clicking suspicious links, never provide financial information to unsolicited contacts, and report suspected scams to the attorney general's office or local police. The utility emphasized it does not use robocalls, request gift cards or prepaid cards for payment, or contact customers via phone threatening disconnection.
whmi.com
· 2025-12-08
Following disaster declarations from last summer's tornadoes and storms in Michigan, FEMA warned residents to be alert for scams targeting disaster victims seeking reimbursement. Scammers impersonate legitimate disaster relief workers or contractors, attempting to obtain personal information (Social Security numbers, banking details) or advance payments, while FEMA emphasized it never requests money upfront, asks for repayment of grant funds, or solicits personal financial information by phone. Residents are advised to verify worker credentials with official laminated FEMA ID badges and to report suspected fraud to FEMA's disaster fraud hotline at (866) 720-5721.
messengernewspapers.co.uk
· 2025-12-08
Nationwide Building Society reported that romance scams involving men increased by 40% in 2023, with victims aged 50-70 representing 39% of male cases, though younger men (20-30) accounted for 20% of reports. Women victims lose significantly more money on average (£10,610 vs. £8,181 for men), with scammers building false trust relationships before requesting money through emotional manipulation. Nationwide advises keeping conversations on verified dating platforms, researching online contacts thoroughly, and consulting trusted friends and family before sending money or personal details to anyone not met in person.
madisoncourier.com
· 2025-12-08
The Better Business Bureau of Greater Kentucky and South Central Indiana identified 10 prevalent scams in February, including romance scams, wage garnishment schemes, fake business listings, impersonation of law enforcement, fraudulent surveys, reshipping employment schemes, fake government benefits calls, Facebook account deactivation phishing, solar panel fraud, and government grant scams. The BBB advised consumers to verify companies before transactions, never pay with gift cards or wire transfers, avoid clicking unsolicited links, and refrain from providing personal information to unverified callers or unsolicited online contacts. Consumers are encouraged to check bbb.org before making purchases and to recognize that legitimate agencies never demand payment by phone.
oxfordmail.co.uk
· 2025-12-08
Nationwide Building Society issued a warning after data revealed romance scams involving men increased 40% in 2023, with victims averaging £8,181 in losses compared to £10,610 for women. The scams involve criminals building false online relationships and using emotional manipulation to request money, with nearly two in five male victims aged 50-70, though one in five were aged 20-30. Nationwide recommends keeping conversations on secure dating platforms, researching online contacts, refusing money requests, and consulting trusted friends and family as key preventative measures.
asaaseradio.com
· 2025-12-08
Ghanaian Instagram influencer Mona Faiz Montrage (Hajia4Real) pleaded guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen money for her role in laundering proceeds from romance scams targeting vulnerable older Americans between 2013 and 2019. She was extradited from the UK and admitted to receiving over $2.1 million stolen from victims through fake romantic relationships, and has agreed to forfeit and pay restitution of $2,164,758.41, facing up to five years in prison.
justice.gov
· 2025-12-08
Ghanaian social media influencer Mona Faiz Montrage pleaded guilty to conspiring to receive proceeds from romance scams targeting vulnerable older Americans between 2013 and 2019. Montrage, who operated the Instagram account "Hajia4Reall" with 3.4 million followers, received over $2 million in fraudulent funds through bank accounts used by a West African criminal enterprise that deceived victims into believing they were in romantic relationships and sending money under false pretenses. She agreed to forfeit and pay restitution of approximately $2.16 million and faces up to five years in prison at sentencing.
beincrypto.com
· 2025-12-08
A 57-year-old finance manager in Hong Kong lost over HK$17 million (~$2.1 million) to a sophisticated cryptocurrency investment scam after being contacted on Instagram by a scammer posing as a former business partner. Over several months, she made 45 transfers to 29 bank accounts based on false promises of profits from gold and crypto investments before discovering the fraudulent trading platform was inaccessible. The scam was part of a broader trend in crypto fraud, and police noted that nine of the accounts involved had been previously flagged for similar schemes.
skepchick.org
· 2025-12-08
Charlotte Cowles, a financial advice columnist for The Cut, lost $50,000 to a government impersonation scam in which she received a phone call spoofed to appear from Amazon, was transferred through fake FTC and CIA contacts, and was instructed to withdraw cash, place it in a shoebox, and hand it to an "undercover agent." The scam succeeded despite being transparently fraudulent—involving obvious red flags like being told not to inform her husband and to conduct the handoff immediately—partly due to Cowles' lack of financial literacy despite her advice columnist role and her apparent overconfidence that she was not a typical scam victim.
messengernews.net
· 2025-12-08
Iowans lost nearly $30 million to fraud in 2022, with older adults disproportionately targeted because they tend to have more assets, may be less tech-savvy, and are more trusting. People ages 70-79 lost an average of $43,000 per scam incident, though many cases go unreported due to victim embarrassment and fear. Common red flags include promises of something free, pressure to act quickly, requests for personal information or money transfers, vague details, and unsolicited contact.
tryondailybulletin.com
· 2025-12-08
A 72-year-old woman named Donna lost $34,000 in a romance scam after seven months of communication with someone she met on a dating site who promised to buy a house with her but disappeared after receiving her money. The article highlights that the FTC reported over $10 billion in losses from scams last year, with elderly individuals particularly vulnerable to sweetheart scams, fake prize winnings, grandparent scams, contractor fraud, and phishing emails. The article recommends protective measures including frequent password changes, two-factor authentication, monthly credit monitoring, antivirus software, limiting personal information on social media, and recognizing red flags like pressure to send money immediately.
africanews.com
· 2025-12-08
Ghanaian socialite Mona Faiz Montrage (Hajia4Reall) pleaded guilty to conspiring to receive stolen money in a $2 million romance scam targeting older Americans, and agreed to forfeit and make restitution of $2,164,758.41. She was extradited from the United Kingdom in May 2023 and faced charges for her role in an operation that used fake identities and various pretenses—including false gold transport and fake FBI investigation claims—to defraud vulnerable elderly victims.