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in Robocalls / Phone Scams
longreads.com
· 2025-12-08
CRA impersonation scammers, primarily operating from call centers in India on a commission basis, have targeted nearly every Canadian adult through phone calls demanding payment of fake tax debts or threatening legal action. The scam involved thousands of offshore perpetrators working scheduled shifts alongside dozens of Canadian recruiters, many of whom were new immigrants, and operated on a massive scale with relative impunity due to Canada's under-resourced fraud investigations and cross-border enforcement challenges.
wcax.com
· 2025-12-08
The US Postal Service issued warnings during Consumer Protection Week about imposter scams targeting older adults, where scammers pose as banks, government agencies, or family members to steal identities and money. Key prevention tips include verifying unexpected requests for money by contacting family directly, avoiding unsolicited USPS text messages about delivery problems, and confirming the legitimacy of bank communications before responding. Victims are urged to report suspected fraud to the Postal Inspection Service at 877-876-2455 or online.
fox17online.com
· 2025-12-08
During National Consumer Protection Week, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service and U.S. Postal Service warned the public about impostor scams where fraudsters impersonate family members, friends, banks, or government agencies to steal money and sensitive information. The scammers typically use urgent messaging such as "I'm in trouble," "You've won," or "I have a great offer," and Inspector Eric Shen recommends avoiding rushed financial decisions, verifying caller identity independently, not clicking suspicious links, and being especially cautious about grandparent scams and online romance fraud.
audacy.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2024, 53% of men and 47% of women experienced romance scams in online dating environments, with scammers impersonating military personnel or celebrities to build trust before requesting money or personal information from victims. The FBI reported that over 64,000 romance scams were reported in 2023 alone, resulting in $1.14 billion in losses. Veterans are advised to verify identities of new online contacts, protect sensitive information, be cautious of financial requests, trust their instincts, and report suspicious activity to relevant authorities including the FTC or VA benefits hotline.
bostonglobe.com
· 2025-12-08
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hongkongbuzz.hk
· 2025-12-08
A middle-aged woman in Sai Kung lost $150,000 to a romance scammer who convinced her he needed money to travel to meet her. According to HSBC, romance scams are widespread in Hong Kong, with 30% of residents targeted by such scams and an average loss of $4,000, though victims aged 25-39 are most vulnerable due to oversharing personal information online. The bank advises protecting personal details, avoiding money transfers to unknown online contacts, and reporting suspected fraud immediately to authorities and financial institutions.
storyboard18.com
· 2025-12-08
**Cybercrimes against India's elderly population surged 86% between 2020 and 2022 as seniors increasingly adopted digital platforms, with phishing scams, fraudulent advertisements, and privacy breaches being the primary threats.** Nearly half of surveyed seniors struggle to identify scams, and 45% of those over 70 now use mobile phones, making them vulnerable to messaging app and email-based fraud. Experts recommend enhanced digital literacy campaigns, user-friendly interfaces, and stronger cybersecurity frameworks to protect this growing demographic, as India's senior population is projected to reach 193 million by 2031.
mulletwrapper.net
· 2025-12-08
The Baldwin County Extension office is hosting a free educational class on March 7 designed to help seniors recognize and avoid common scams. The session covers "The Dirty Dozen"—the top 12 scams frequently targeting older adults, including fraudulent calls, phishing emails, investment schemes, and fake lotteries.
pasadenanow.com
· 2025-12-08
The U.S. Postal Inspection Service issued a National Consumer Protection Week warning about imposter scams where fraudsters pose as friends, relatives, or organizations using urgent messages ("I'm in trouble," "You've won!") to steal personal information and money. The advisory recommends verifying unexpected financial requests through direct contact, avoiding clicking suspicious links, ignoring unsolicited postal service communications, and registering with the National Do Not Call Registry, with victims able to report scams at (877) 876-2455.
aol.com
· 2025-12-08
The article outlines 11 common tax scams expected in 2025, including phishing emails, IRS impersonation phone calls, fake tax preparation services, social media fraud, and stimulus payment scams. Key protective measures include verifying sender authenticity before clicking links, never providing personal information to unsolicited callers, confirming tax preparers are IRS-registered, and remembering that legitimate government agencies never demand immediate payment or charge fees for assistance. Scammers increasingly use sophisticated tactics targeting vulnerable taxpayers, making awareness and verification critical during tax-filing season.
nzherald.co.nz
· 2025-12-08
Multiple women, including an American who lost $375,000, fell victim to romance scams using the likeness and identity of actor Martin Henderson over an extended period, with victims spanning the United States, Britain, and Ireland. After one victim's story was publicized, four additional women came forward, and scammers subsequently attempted secondary extortion by posing as private investigators offering money recovery services. Henderson has issued public warnings that he does not initiate contact through messaging apps and expressed concern that advancing deepfake technology could make such scams increasingly sophisticated and difficult to detect.
wxow.com
· 2025-12-08
The La Crescent Police Department reported five scam calls in one day targeting residents with a "grandchild in jail" premise, where callers falsely claimed relatives were arrested after vehicle accidents and demanded money for bail. Two families nearly lost $9,000 and $18,000 respectively before recognizing the fraud; scammers instructed victims to lie to banks about withdrawal purposes and used spoofed local phone numbers and computer-generated voices to appear legitimate. Police advised community members to verify incidents directly with family, noting that scammers specifically target elders with landlines using fear tactics, and emphasized that government agencies like the IRS and Social Security do not initiate arrest-related calls.
prnewswire.com
· 2025-12-08
**Summary:**
The U.S. Postal Inspection Service issued a warning during National Consumer Protection Week (March 2-8, 2025) about imposter scams, where fraudsters pose as trusted contacts or legitimate organizations to steal personally identifiable information and drain financial accounts. The agency provided protective measures including: avoiding rushed financial decisions, verifying bank communications directly, confirming grandchild emergencies through known contacts, recognizing romance scams, ignoring fraudulent USPS texts, registering with the Do Not Call Registry, and reporting suspected fraud to the Inspection Service.
murrayledger.com
· 2025-12-08
A resurgence of toll-charge texting scams is circulating, where recipients receive messages claiming unpaid tolls in states they may or may not have visited, with links directing them to fake websites requesting payment. Law enforcement officials note that scammers increasingly replicate legitimate toll company messaging (like FastTrak or EZ Pass) and create sophisticated fake websites, making scams harder to identify, though legitimate toll agencies never request payment via text and instead send physical mail with license plate photos. Police advise recipients to verify they actually visited the state in question and to research any suspicious requests before responding, as scammers are becoming increasingly skilled at mimicking legitimate communications across multiple platforms including email and phone calls.
wilx.com
· 2025-12-08
Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel and the Michigan Bankers Association launched the #BanksNeverAskThat campaign during National Consumer Protection Week to educate consumers about phishing scams, which are on the rise. The campaign advises that legitimate banks never request confidential information via unsolicited calls, emails, or texts, and provides guidance on how to identify suspicious communications and report them to the FTC, Anti-Phishing Working Group, and state authorities. Resources include an interactive website at BanksNeverAskThat.com with videos, quizzes, and a video game, plus Spanish-language materials.
finance.yahoo.com
· 2025-12-08
**Summary:**
A Bankrate Financial Fraud Survey found that 34% of U.S. adults experienced financial fraud or scams in the past 12 months, with 37% of victims losing money to schemes ranging from fake prize claims to job recruitment and investment scams. Of Americans scammed in the past year, 90% had their personal financial information accessed or targeted, though 57% of those attempts were unsuccessful; baby boomers and Generation X experienced the highest lifetime fraud rates at 73% and 71% respectively, and experts warn that economic stress and the pending wealth transfer of baby boomers may embolden scammers.
evertiq.com
· 2025-12-08
Two Swedish high school students, Henning Lindeberg and Erik Apelqvist, are developing a mini-computer device designed to detect phone scams by identifying words commonly associated with fraud and alerting users in real-time. The invention was motivated by personal experience—both students' grandparents were targeted by scammers—and addresses a significant problem in Sweden where nearly 30,000 phone scams were reported in 2023, resulting in approximately 66 million dollars in losses primarily targeting elderly individuals. The students aim to complete a fully functional prototype by their summer graduation.
edmontonjournal.com
· 2025-12-08
Edmonton lost approximately $48.1 million to fraud in 2024, with investment scams being the largest category at $14.1 million, followed by romance, employment, and identity fraud scams. Edmonton Police Service launched Fraud Prevention Month to educate the public on common tactics used by increasingly sophisticated scammers, including phone spoofing, phishing, social engineering, grandparent scams, and person-in-authority scams that exploit psychological manipulation and urgency to steal money and personal information.
viconsortium.com
· 2025-12-08
During National Consumer Protection Week (March 2-8, 2025), the U.S. Postal Inspection Service warned of rising imposter scams in which fraudsters pose as trusted entities like family members, banks, or government agencies to manipulate victims into revealing personal information or sending money. The USPIS advises consumers to avoid responding to pressure tactics, verify contacts independently before sharing information, be cautious of grandparent and romance scams, ignore unsolicited USPS messages, and register with the National Do Not Call Registry. Suspected fraud can be reported to the U.S. Postal Inspection Service at 877-876-2455 or online at www.uspis
wnegradio.com
· 2025-12-08
The U.S. Postal Inspection Service warns consumers about four types of imposter scams during National Consumer Protection Week (March 2–8, 2025): investment scams using "get rich quick" schemes, grandparent scams requesting urgent bail or medical fees, romance scams exploiting isolated individuals, and other fraudulent schemes that manipulate victims into sending money or revealing personal information. The agency recommends verifying information independently, being suspicious of high-pressure sales tactics and urgent requests, and contacting relatives directly before sending funds.
ipsos.com
· 2025-12-08
A 2025 Ipsos poll found that younger Canadians are more likely than older adults to have experienced impersonation scams on social media and phone, contrary to common stereotypes about elder vulnerability. While 84% of Canadians are confident detecting email scams, confidence drops significantly to 57% for detecting smart device intrusions, with those 55+ showing the lowest confidence at 51%. Notably, most Canadians—including seniors—are aware of AI's rapid advancement and its use in creating realistic voice and video impersonations, though older adults show lower awareness (60%) than younger groups of how easily scammers can access AI tools like ChatGPT.
bctv.org
· 2025-12-08
The IRS released its 2025 "Dirty Dozen" list of common tax scams to warn taxpayers, businesses, and tax professionals about prevalent fraud schemes that peak during filing season but occur year-round. The list highlights 12 pervasive threats including email phishing scams, text message scams (smishing), and misleading social media tax advice, which can lead to identity theft, unauthorized tax credit claims, and financial loss. The IRS has maintained this educational awareness campaign since 2002 and works with state agencies, tax software companies, and financial institutions to protect taxpayers from evolving scams and refund fraud.
foxnews.com
· 2025-12-08
This educational article warns retired Americans about task scams, a rapidly growing job fraud scheme that cost victims over $220 million in 2024 and accounted for 40% of all job scam reports to the FTC. The scams target economically insecure retirees seeking side income by advertising easy online work but ultimately pressuring victims to invest their own money or use cryptocurrency. The article advises retirees to recognize red flags such as unsolicited job offers via text, vague job descriptions, and requests for personal investment, while recommending data removal services to reduce the risk of scammers obtaining their contact information from public data brokers.
kfiz.com
· 2025-12-08
Romance scammers are increasingly using artificial intelligence technology—including AI-generated images, deepfakes, and chatbots—to create convincing fake profiles on dating platforms and social media, making traditional detection methods like reverse image searches less effective. These scammers use AI to optimize targeting of vulnerable users and engage with multiple victims simultaneously, often without human interaction, to steal money and personal information. Consumers can protect themselves by verifying potential romantic interests' online histories, avoiding sharing money or personal details until identity is confirmed, and being cautious of "love bombing" and quick requests for money or personal information.
wbrc.com
· 2025-12-08
Alabama residents received a surge of toll scam text messages and PDF documents in late February claiming unpaid toll bills with threats of legal consequences or license suspension. Cybercriminals obtained phone numbers from personal data sold on numerous websites and used automated programs to send thousands of messages simultaneously, exploiting tax season when they could also attempt to steal tax refunds. Experts recommend avoiding suspicious links, monitoring personal information, and freezing bank accounts if a breach is suspected, noting this nationwide scam affects people across the country.
iomtoday.co.im
· 2025-12-08
Isle of Man residents lost £2.2 million to scams and fraud in 2024, with suspicious email reports surging 50.7% to 9,372 cases, according to the Cyber Security Centre's Annual Threat Update. Investment scams caused the most damage at £1,278,920 across 35 cases, while account compromise, bank fraud, gift card fraud, and fraudulent websites also affected residents through phishing attacks, credential theft, and impersonation schemes. The report highlights the need for stronger cybersecurity awareness, including password protection and verification of requests for personal information or financial transactions.
bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com
· 2025-12-08
An elderly couple lost Rs 1.3 crore (approximately $155,000 USD) over six months in a "digital arrest" scam that began in August 2024 when fraudsters impersonating officials from mobile service providers, TRAI, cybercrime, and police departments convinced the victim she faced arrest for money laundering and other crimes. The scammers manipulated her into liquidating savings, breaking fixed deposits, and pledging gold and mutual funds through repeated threats and false claims delivered via phone, video calls, Skype, and WhatsApp, with the fraud only discovered when contact abruptly ceased. The victim experienced severe mental distress and health issues; a police
newsbreak.com
· 2025-12-08
Bradley Yates, the digital navigator for the Albemarle Commission Area Agency on Aging, educates seniors across 10 North Carolina counties on technology use and fraud prevention through courses such as "Identifying and Avoiding Scams," "Using Technology to Live a Healthier Life," and others. Yates offers both group training sessions at senior centers and individual device assistance, including advice to never send money over the phone if uncertain about a caller's legitimacy. His work helps seniors access helpful apps, government services, and stay connected with family while protecting themselves from scams.
wkbn.com
· 2025-12-08
A Mentor, Ohio woman lost her entire life savings of over $663,000 to a cryptocurrency romance scam after being contacted via text in November 2023, becoming one of at least 33 victims who collectively lost approximately $4.9 million. The scammer built trust by bonding over shared interests, then convinced the victim to open a cryptocurrency account and transfer funds to a fake investment platform that promised high returns but was controlled entirely by the fraudster. U.S. attorneys have seized over 8.2 million USDT in cryptocurrency and filed a civil complaint to recover and return the stolen funds to victims.
grandforksherald.com
· 2025-12-08
Grand Forks Public Schools fell victim to a phishing scam in August when staff members transferred approximately $2.2 million to a fraudster posing as a construction vendor, resulting in a net loss of $842,730 after recovery efforts and insurance payments. The scam highlights the increasing prevalence of phishing and other online fraud schemes targeting both individuals and public entities, with the FBI reporting 298,878 phishing complaints in 2023 alone. The article emphasizes that phishing scams are becoming increasingly sophisticated and persuasive, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds, and urges the public to exercise extreme caution with online transactions.
14news.com
· 2025-12-08
A Dubois County, Indiana resident fell victim to a tech support scam in which they were directed to withdraw their checking account funds and deposit them into Bitcoin machines after fraudsters claimed their account had been hacked. The victim subsequently provided the scammers with Bitcoin information, allowing them to access and steal the funds, though the exact amount lost was not specified. The Sheriff's Office advises residents to never share personal or banking information with unsolicited callers and to hang up or consult family members or law enforcement before taking action.
local3news.com
· 2025-12-08
While older adults are commonly perceived as primary scam victims, data shows that people in their 20s and 30s fall for scams at more than twice the rate of those over 60, though seniors who do lose money typically lose significantly larger amounts. Younger people are frequently targeted by shopping, romance, employment, and identity theft scams, while older adults are more susceptible to tech support and gift card scams. Despite accounting for only some of the overall scam losses, people over 60 lost approximately $61 billion to fraud last year, highlighting that all age groups face risk and require vigilance.
nbcchicago.com
· 2025-12-08
Illinois drivers have been receiving phishing text messages falsely claiming to be from the Illinois Tollway, demanding payment for alleged toll evasion or unpaid tolls and threatening to report violators to the DMV. This scam has been targeting Illinois Tollway and I-Pass customers for nearly a year, with evolving message variations using different sender names and area codes. Authorities advise recipients not to click links or provide payment information, instead verifying claims directly through the official Illinois Tollway website, app, or customer service line, and reporting suspicious texts to the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center.
wandtv.com
· 2025-12-08
The IRS released its 2025 "Dirty Dozen" list of tax scams to warn taxpayers during filing season, which peaks during tax time. The scams include phishing and smishing (text) emails impersonating the IRS, fake charities, fraudulent tax credits (fuel tax, sick leave, non-existent self-employment credits), misleading offers in compromise, unethical tax preparers, and social media misinformation about tax eligibility. Taxpayers are advised to remember that the IRS only communicates by mail, to verify information from official sources, and to be cautious when using third-party tax preparers.
cnet.com
· 2025-12-08
Scammers exploit digital payment apps like Zelle, Venmo, Cash App, and PayPal to steal money from users, with customers at three banks losing over $870 million to Zelle scams since 2017. Common schemes include cash flipping, phishing, fake item sales, fake tickets, software glitches, and security deposit scams, all leveraging the difficulty of reversing digital payments once sent. Users should verify requests through official app channels, never pay sight unseen, and manually update apps through legitimate app stores rather than clicking suspicious links.
abc.net.au
· 2025-12-08
**Human Trafficking and Cyber Scams:** Vulnerable individuals from Vietnam and other regions are being trafficked to Myanmar and forced to operate cryptocurrency and romance scams that have cost Australians over $1 billion in investment losses and $190 million in romance scams over five years. Victims like Duong are deceived with false job offers, enslaved in remote compounds, subjected to physical abuse and starvation, and forced to create fake online profiles to defraud unsuspecting targets globally, with families often required to pay ransoms of $5,000-$10,000 to secure their release—amounts prohibitively expensive in countries where average monthly salaries are
waka.com
· 2025-12-08
**Summary:**
While younger people (ages 20-30) fall for scams at more than twice the rate of those over 60, older adults lose significantly larger amounts of money when victimized, accounting for approximately $61 billion of the $158 billion in total consumer fraud losses last year. Scammers employ age-specific tactics, targeting seniors with computer support and gift card scams while using shopping, romance, employment, and sextortion schemes against younger demographics. The key finding challenges the common misconception that older adults are the primary scam victims, revealing instead that vulnerability varies by age group in terms of both frequency and financial impact.
wccbcharlotte.com
· 2025-12-08
While younger people in their 20s and 30s fall for scams at more than twice the rate of those over 60, older adults lose significantly more money when victimized—the FTC estimates seniors lost $61 billion to fraud last year compared to $158 billion total across all ages. Scammers tailor tactics by age group, targeting seniors with tech support and gift card scams while exploiting millennials through romance, shopping, and employment fraud. The key takeaway is that vulnerability to scams is not age-specific; rather, financial impact differs substantially based on available resources.
limerickpost.ie
· 2025-12-08
Two people in their 70s from Limerick fell victim to separate online scams: a man lost a substantial sum after clicking a cryptocurrency investment link and following instructions from a caller in the Netherlands, while a woman lost an application fee after applying for a travel visa on a fraudulent website. Gardaí warn against providing personal details to cold callers and advise verifying website legitimacy, never discussing financial accounts by phone, and reporting fraud immediately to both financial institutions and police.
digit.in
· 2025-12-08
A man in Shanghai lost approximately $28,000 (200,000 yuan) in a romance scam where scammers used AI-generated images, videos, and fake identification documents to convince him he was in a long-distance relationship with a woman named Ms. Jiao who never existed. The victim was manipulated into sending money to support the supposed girlfriend's business and family healthcare expenses over an extended period without ever meeting in person. Shanghai police are investigating the case, which highlights growing concerns about the misuse of generative AI and deepfake technology in online romance scams targeting vulnerable individuals.
wkyt.com
· 2025-12-08
In 2023, the FBI received 908 elder fraud complaints in Kentucky totaling over $12 million in losses, with gold and precious metals scams on the rise. Scammers impersonate government officials to pressure elderly victims into converting their savings to gold, often failing to deliver the promised metals; one Kentucky woman lost $113,000 in such a scheme. The FBI advises that legitimate government agencies would never call to pressure gold purchases and recommends researching dealers and reporting suspected fraud to the FBI's Elder Fraud Hotline at 833-372-8311.
lehighvalleylive.com
· 2025-12-08
A 24-year-old New Jersey man, Hirtik Hemchand Khatri, was arrested and faces first-degree felony charges for defrauding a 74-year-old Pennsylvania man out of approximately $688,372 through a fake bank error scheme. The scam began with a disputed PayPal charge, escalated through false claims of accidental overpayments, and ultimately involved the victim purchasing nearly $600,000 in gold bars and transferring Bitcoin, which Khatri collected in person. Authorities identified Khatri through a license plate reader and photo identification, and note that the Lehigh County Elder Abuse Task Force has
tribtoday.com
· 2025-12-08
Organized scam operations, particularly from Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos, are increasingly targeting older adults and professionals through sophisticated "pig butchering" schemes that involve months of psychological grooming before stealing victims' money via cryptocurrency, wire transfers, or money transfer apps. Victims—including financial advisers, bank presidents, attorneys, and even FBI agents—lose funds that are rarely recovered, with artificial intelligence making scams more effective and harder to detect. The article recommends older adults protect themselves by verifying all communications, avoiding online dating sites, limiting social media activity, refusing cryptocurrency offers, and consulting trusted contacts before sending any money.
patch.com
· 2025-12-08
Three Southern California men were arrested in connection with a $10 million fraud scheme that targeted at least 100 elderly victims through phone calls, emails, and fake real estate offers between fall 2021 and the present. The defendants created fake identities, shell companies, and fraudulent bank accounts to impersonate law enforcement and company employees, convincing victims their accounts were compromised and tricking them into transferring funds or purchase fake property. If convicted of money laundering conspiracy, each defendant faces up to 20 years in federal prison.
states.aarp.org
· 2025-12-08
This AARP educational article provides consumer protection tips to help prevent fraud and scams. Key recommendations include using strong passwords with multi-factor authentication, avoiding suspicious links by visiting websites directly, freezing credit with major agencies, and being cautious of unsolicited offers like cruise scams and gold bar schemes where criminals impersonate authorities to steal savings. The article emphasizes that victims of repeated fraud should be supported with gentle questioning and regular family discussions about scams rather than blame.
yahoo.com
· 2025-12-08
This article compiles Reddit and BuzzFeed Community comments listing industries users consider deceptive or problematic, including corporations buying single-family homes, telemarketing with spoofed numbers, fast fashion, ticket reselling bots, subscription-based software, and third-party student loan "consultants" who charge fees for services available free through the government. The commenters argue these industries exploit consumers through predatory practices, environmental damage, artificially inflated pricing, or deliberately addictive product design.
americanbar.org
· 2025-12-08
Law firms are frequent targets of sophisticated scams despite their size, as scammers exploit limited security measures and access to valuable personal information. Common schemes include voice-cloning fraud, email impersonation of attorneys to solicit unauthorized payments, and phishing attacks that compromise email systems to redirect client funds—with firms facing disciplinary action and financial losses when wire transfer instructions are not independently verified. Attorneys and staff should be cautious about clicking links in emails and verify requests through direct contact, as cybersecurity breaches can expose sensitive client data and enable ransomware attacks.
becu.org
· 2025-12-08
Criminals are impersonating BECU employees by spoofing the bank's phone number and calling victims about suspicious account activity, then convincing them to cut up their debit or credit cards (leaving the EMV chip intact) and leave the pieces outside for a fake courier to collect. Scammers use the chip portion to access accounts and commit fraud including unauthorized purchases and wire transfers. The FBI advises verifying caller identity by hanging up and calling BECU directly, never providing sensitive information over the phone, monitoring accounts regularly, and securely destroying expired cards by cutting through the chip and discarding pieces separately.
ksby.com
· 2025-12-08
The IRS identified twelve common tax scams during tax season, ranging from email phishing and fake charities to fraudulent tax credits and ghost preparers, designed to steal financial information from taxpayers and tax professionals. The "Dirty Dozen" is an annual educational awareness campaign (not a formal enforcement list) to help people recognize and avoid these schemes. Taxpayers can find detailed information about each scam category on IRS.gov.
cpapracticeadvisor.com
· 2025-12-08
The IRS's annual Dirty Dozen campaign educates taxpayers about 12 prevalent tax scams and fraudulent schemes, with email phishing and smishing (text message fraud) being among the top threats. These scams, which peak during tax filing season but occur year-round, aim to steal personal information, financial data, and money through tactics like fake IRS communications, bogus refund promises, and false legal threats. The IRS has been running this awareness effort since 2002 and works with state agencies, tax software companies, and tax professionals to protect taxpayers from identity theft and refund fraud.